2024-03-28T22:37:41Z
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=25803
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Goddess xft-Hr nb.s
Habiba
El Menyawy
This goddess takes some importance in the worship from the local goddesses, especially if it is related to some important functions of the god, including this important goddess who is worshipped in the western region of wAst. It is xft-Hr nb.s, who frequently represented in anthropomorphic form as a goddess, wearing a long tight dress, a hieroglyphic sign of the west upon her head and hanging in their arms the anx sign of life which appears between Dd, wAs on the nb sign. The oldest record of the name of the goddess Khefethernebes is from a stela of Antefoqer as ”xftt-Hr nb.s”, as a name of a locality, dates back to the reign of Amenemhat I. Khefethernebes participates in the scenes of judgment, welcomes the deceased into the afterlife and provide support and protection for the deceased. Khefethernebes is associated with the goddess Hathor, Waset, Imntet, Weret-Hekaw, Nut , Isis and Meret-Seger. The article aims to investigate the iconography, epithets and functions of goddess Khefethernebes in order to lay emphasize her forms, roles, titles, and her relation with other goddesses.
Thebes
Waset
Imentet
Hathor
Stelae
Coffins
Private tombs
Other Objects
2021
06
01
1
33
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_171148_dff101d63e2a928bb4babbbb54db8b6d.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Religious and Artistic Features of Elite’s Coffin during (LP) Late Period: Applied on Two Coffins at Hurghada Museum (HM)
Tamer
Fahim
There is no doubt that the ancient Egyptians used the coffins as a shelter for mummies from Prehistoric to the end of the Late Period. They had paid attention to the coffins because it is considered as safe means of passage to the other world and it is the guarantor for him to pass from darkness to light. So, the drawings were expressive and have religious dimensions. The author aims to study two unpublished coffins that belong to individuals; they date back to the end of the Late Period that was preserved in the Hurghada Museum (HM) after they were transferred from the Egyptian Museum stores in Cairo. The author studies the religious and artistic features found on these coffins, taking into consideration the period in which they were made, from the end of the 26th Dynasty to the end of the 30th Dynasty. Neither surveying nor comparing the artistic and religious decoration features of the Late Period coffins has been done by the author. This paper aims to compare the artistic and religious decoration features that occurred in the ancient Egyptian Late Period depending on these decorated coffins in the newly inaugurated ‘Hurghada Museum’. Two coffins reveal different artistic and religious decoration features that are studied. Analyses of religious and artistic in each of these coffins have taken place and major features emerged, then, these features and results are discussed. This paper was developed using analytical and comparative approaches based on document and picture analyses. It had been concluded that two coffins at the Hurghada museum had carried distinctive artistic and religious features of their era. These two coffins were able to preserve the religious traditions that prevailed before with some artistic changes in expressing these traditions to simulate the evolution of the era compared to the coffins of the New Kingdom.
Hurghada
Coffins
religious
artistic
Late Period
2021
06
01
34
67
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_177510_87165ab3395e133c35c328ff3eba5ca5.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Identity of Amun-Re in Luxor temple
Haitham
Sotohy
Amun-Re has two forms worshipped in Karnak and Luxor temple. The two forms of Amun are represented in Luxor temple and connected in the Opet festival. Amun of Karnak appears with special titles related to his worship; he is titled nsw ntrw xnty Ipt-swt, nb nswt tAwy, and other titles. Amun of Luxor temple appears as creator ithyphallic god with titles like; Imn-Ra n ipt-rsyt, Imn-Ra kA mwt.f xnty ipt.f, and other titles. The study of the scenes of Luxor temple shows the double identity of Amun-Re. The two forms of Amun are encountered and they are represented in all parts of the temple. The study will shed light upon the real function of Luxor temple and the myth of Amun in the New kingdom period in Thebes. Luxor temple is the southern sanctuary of Amun, where a primitive form of Amun was worshiped as creator god. In the Opet festival the god Amun of Karnak visits Amun of Luxor temple to be regenerated for coming year. In this context, the two forms of Amun and the two temples are connected in the Opet festival and form the most important landmark in the religion of new kingdom Thebes.
Amun of Karnak
Amun of Luxor temple
Opet festival
Southern sanctuary
2021
06
01
68
82
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_186542_dd0955604261b623b848c7cd07be89e4.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
A Collection of Talismanic Bāzūbands from the Safavid and Qajar Epochs: A Descriptive and Analytical Study
Boussy
Zidan
Radwa
Omar
No doubt, every nation had possessed a set of deeply rooted beliefs, these rendered into variant practices and traditions, establishing civilization aspects. The belief in magic, superstitions and divinations are categorized under these beliefs. Mankind had tremendously believed their ability to hurt, bring bad destiny, and on other hand, trusting their capacity to bestow protection and guarantee good luck, thus, motivated the appeal to possessing amulets and talismans. This research paper deals with ‘Bāzūbands’; a form of amulets and talismans, worn by warriors to, morally, safeguard them and ensure triumph through Qur’ānic inscriptions, invocations, besides other magical texts. The research tackles some important aspects related the Safavid and Qajar bāzūbands, like the belief in magic, its roots in the Persian culture, an etymological study for the different terms; ‘amulet’, ‘talisman’ and ‘bāzūband’, to reveal their roots and consequent development. This is followed by a preview for the Shi‘ītes’ attitude regarding amulets and talismans, and the main elements that should be exploited in fashioning them, and the influence of the Shi‘īte belief on its mounting and ornamentation. In addition, a detailed description for a special collection of talismanic ‘bāzūbands’ from world-wide museums and private collections; some of which are to be published for the first time, is enclosed. Thenceforth, a concise analysis for the described samples is incorporated.
Amulets
Talismans
Bāzūbands
Safavid
Qajar
Magic
Superstition
divination
2021
06
01
83
123
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_190343_32f0a042d0b4154f2fd733af3a114796.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Boats Representation in the Byzantine Art
Mofida
El Weshahy
sarah
halim
For thousands of years ago, people have been using boats and ships to navigate the sea, which had attracted them to discover it’s secretes. People sailed for the sake of discovery as a type of adventure, settlement, trade, and conquest. In Egypt, the Nile River was the most significant catalyst that helped in flourishing the different watercraft’s industry. Since the Pre-dynastic period, they started to make their first primitive watercraft, representing it on rocks, pottery and walls, and their interest with the boats reached its burial. The boats importance had increased, and its industry became more skillful, passing through the different dynastic periods of the ancient Egyptian civilization, Ptolemaic, Greek, and Roman periods, till reaching the Byzantine Period in which the boat’s representation had gained more symbolism aligned with the new Christian religion. This research aims to focus light on the boats and its uses from the Pre-dynastic till the Byzantine Periods, to analyze different scenes representing boats through this period, to trace the development of the scenes representing boats from ancient egyptt till the Byzantine period, and to determine the boat’s symbolism in Coptic art.
Coptic Art
Byzantine, Boats
Bagawat
Kom Abu Billou
Nilotic
2021
06
01
124
158
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_189659_872343d7852aa387aa38c6961a301071.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Egyptian Dwarf Deities Associated with Solar Cult in Ancient Egypt
Manar
Hamed
This study examines the natural relationship between the Ancient Egyptian dwarf gods and the Solar Cult and the solar deities in ancient Egypt. There were two kinds of dwarfs known in ancient Egypt; The African pygmies and the Egyptian dwarfs. The dwarf deities were associated with many of the solar deities in different forms like khepri. From the New Kingdom onward, the dwarfs emerge as popular deities, best known in their forms of Bes and Path-Pataikoi, who are invoked in a host of magical practices to protect the living and the dead. This study aims to find the reason for this association between the dwarf gods and the solar deities by examining the ancient Egyptian religious text and the statuary of those dwarf deities. The result that the study reaches is that the dwarf deities associated with the solar deities as a symbol of regeneration and rejuvenation and rebirth.
Dwarf
deities
Solar
Cult
Rejuvenation
2021
06
01
159
188
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_192787_5823b123eb7dfa41a34691c8a324b24a.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Ritual of Cutting Grain in Theban Temples: An Overview of the Concept of the Divine and Royal Fertility
Youmna
Adel Zaki Nasr
Cutting grain is a remarkable Ramesside ritual in the Theban temples during the New Kingdom. Five scenes are found depicting the king as a harvester cutting grain before the deities of fertility in the New Kingdom temples of Thebes. The ritual was rarely represented in the New Kingdom and it was performed in the Theban temples only during the reigns of Kings Ramesses II and Ramesses III. After the reign of King Ramesses III, this ritual was no more attested in the Theban temples. However, it regained its importance once more during the Ptolemaic Period. Grain crops were sacred and aphrodisiac offerings of the male sexual potency and masculine virility during the festival of the fertility-god Min. Therefore, the image of the self-created god Amun-Re in his form as Kamutef, the fertility-god Min, and the fecund-god Hapy of the fertile Nile and flooding dominated the scenes of the ritual, in reference to the role of the male deities in fecundation, regeneration, birth, and rebirth.
Ritual
grain
Harvester
fertility
Enemies
2021
06
01
189
230
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_192793_785581c892f487be0e6a80c9f95aa084.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Employment of The Ancient Egyptian Feast Foods in Egyptian Hotel Menus and Its Impact on Promoting Food Tourism.
Ahmed
Rady
Haitham
Sotohy
Salama Ammar
Ammar
Food provided to customers and good menus are important factor in competitiveness for the tourist destination. There is a critical contribution for food in growing tourists yield. The relevance between regional food and culture enables the promotion of cultural heritage by promoting food tourism. The objectives of this research were two-fold. The first objective was to assess the extent of tourists’ approval of employing the Egyptian feast foods to the menus presented in Egyptian hotels. The second goal was to explore the effect of employing Egyptian feast foods to the menus presented in Egyptian hotels on the promotion of food tourism at the Egyptian tourist destination. The research adopted a quantitive approach and used a questionnaire that was distributed to a sample of foreigner and Egyptian tourists at Luxor city. The findings revealed that Egyptian tourist and hotel establishments do not do their best to promote food tourism. Furthermore, using social media to promote Egyptian feast foods in Egyptian hotel menus can be a good way to influence tourists' conviction to include heritage foods on food menus. Another important finding of the research showed that the more the customer visit experience, the more tourists tend to heritage foods and the more to promote food tourism in the Egyptian tourist destination.
ancient feast foods
hotel menus
ancient Egypt
Food Tourism
2021
06
01
231
250
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_173397_a3afb9b5fa0c077c89e561fe608d02fd.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Impact of the Employee Behavior in Improving the Mental Image of Tourism Destination and Hospitality Services: An applied Study on Hurghada
Salama
Ammar
Michael
Magdi Zaki
Tamer
Abdulaziz
The aim of the present study is to examine the impact of employee behavior in improving the mental image of tourism destinations and hospitality services. It is an important topic that needs a convergence of views among academic lecturers and hospitality experts. The questionnaire is the method used to collect the required data. For this purpose, a sample of 30 five and four stars hotels, moreover 20 tourism companies in Hurghada was chosen to ask their guests to complete them. The research focuses on the destination of Hurghada because most of the guests visit. The field study accomplished through a survey by personal visits, phone calls, social media networks, and emails. The study was conducted from October 2019 to March 2020. 510 questionnaire forms were received only 425 completed forms were valid (83.3% response rate). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. The study concluded with a set of theoretical and practical conclusions that identified the response of the employee behavior and its importance in improving the mental image of tourism destination and hospitality services in the mind of guests.
Employee Behavior
Mental Image
destination image
Hospitality Services
2021
06
01
251
278
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_177511_8bc6fa902bb3ebc972e14769895e6a81.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
A Study of Age Discrimination at Hotel and Tourism Workplaces in Greater Cairo, Egypt.
Mohammed
Sayed
Haidy
Elsaid
Age discrimination seems to be more common than any other form of discrimination. Given that older workers are increasingly participating in the labor market in developed countries, it is important to understand the views of employers and employees on working age. However, the perception of older workers has changed dramatically in the past decade. In recent years, although the literature on age discrimination in employment has increased, there is a lack of research exploring age discrimination in hotels and tourism sectors. Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the most important factors that help hotels and tourism companies to create an age-friendly working environment. Method: This study was carried out by a quantitative method across ten hotels and ten tourism companies in Greater Cairo, Egypt. This study used self-administered and web-based questionnaires, developed based on previous research, resulting in 112 usable responses. Six factors emerged from the survey data after exploratory factor analysis, representing a shared view of an age-friendly workplace. Employees chose ‘Fairness and equality’ as the most significant factor to establish a working environment free from age discrimination. Results: The study examined the differences in perceptions of these six factors. Finally, quantitative data have been organized into an age-friendly workplace factors that supports tourism and hospitality companies to establish working environment free from age-related discrimination between their employees. Discussion and Implications: This study's scale may be useful to the researchers in the field of ageism at work. Moreover, the implications of using this concept in future empirical research on age-friendliness at work are considered.
Discrimination
Ageism
Workplace
2021
06
01
279
292
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_181344_91e9097e5bc5bf2e1bf93faea5ff7b5a.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Franchisee-Franchisor Relationship Quality and Its Impact on Restaurants' Operational and Financial Performance: An Application of Leader-Member Exchange Theory
Mahmoud
Abou Kamar
Omar
Alsetoohy
Franchising has evolved as one of the most prevalent business expansion strategies. Essentially, the success of this strategy depends on the dynamic and collaborative relationship between the contracting parties (Franchisor and Franchisee). A franchising relationship is unique and more complicated than conventional business relationships because it is not only a contractual relationship but is also a systematic engagement and partnership. Hence, there is imperative to identify the factors that shape and influence such a relationship. Drawing on the theory of the Leader-Member Exchange (LMX), this study employed an integrated approach to identify the main factors affecting the franchisee-franchisor relationship quality and the extent of their impact on the operational and financial performance of franchise restaurants in Egypt. The integrated model was examined based on data from (50) local and international franchise restaurants in Egypt. The findings indicated that mutual trust, commitment, and franchisor support are essential determinants of the franchisee-franchisor relationship quality. Though the three dimensions had varying degrees of impact, trust and support had the strongest effect. Moreover, the results implied that the mutual relationship between franchisors and franchisees has a direct positive impact on the operational and competitive performance while having an indirect influence on the overall performance of the restaurants. The findings intimate significant theoretical and practical implications.
Franchising
Relationship quality
Leader-Member Exchange Theory
performance
Egypt
2021
06
01
293
316
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_186541_14fbe4b90cf00d0ce78cba01becac500.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Impact of Demographic Features on the utilization of Airbnb Platform; a Comparative Study of Aswan and Wahat in Egypt.
Mohamed
Hany B. Moussa
Sameh
Soliman
Cathrine
George Messeha
Share economy is becoming a worldwide trend. Two of the main prominent enterprises in share economy are Airbnb for share accommodation and Uber for share transportation, where the former became the largest with expected revenue of three billion USD in 2020. These enterprises launched their own platforms to provide services for their customers on the basis of share economy. In 125 countries, Airbnb platform operates under governmental umbrella and offers the opportunity for tenants of private units to take part in world tourism business. Egypt is a Middle East state that has a long history as a tourist destination with many terminuses that fit for various types of tourism. Aswan and Wahat are examples of these terminuses, however they are unique in nature since they offer private share accommodations. Unfortunately, this is done in isolation from any regulations whether governmental by MOT or organizational by ETF. This research uses PESTEL model dimensions and features to assess the adequacy of these terminuses to utilize Airbnb platform for share accommodations. Since the two terminuses are different in terms of their attractions and types of tourist they induce, this paper is geared to finding out differences among them concerning the utilization of Airbnb platform. Findings indicate that there are significant differences between the two terminuses concerning one of the dimensions of PESTEL model, namely, the demographic feature.
private
share accommodations
Airbnb platform
PESTEL Dimensions
Features
2021
06
01
317
336
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_169476_9f0b699c016a3ede7a1b1ae80b25d4a9.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Importance of Crisis Management in Egyptian Hotels and Tourism in Dealing with the Emerging Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Hany
Kozmal
Asmaa
Abuzied
This paper aims are to develop a meaningful procedures for crisis management so that the staff will be able to use it as a valuable tool for positive changes. 300 questionnaires were distributed to employees working in different jobs within different departments in investigated Egyptian hotels only 264 questionnaires were valid and ready to analyse by percentage 88%. The study was conducted from October 2020 till March 2021. The study found that there are significant differences between the employees’ job position categories with regard to rules that hotel should find useful during a crisis. Moreover, Results showed that there is a significant correlation between the guests’ most influential factor of crisis management in Egyptian hotels in dealing with the emerging Coronavirus (COVID-19); The influences of Rules that hotel should find useful during a crisis, extent do hotels support workers to avoid new Corona virus, and the tourism and hospitality leaders and organizations support in Egypt on the benefits. On the other hand, the study assured that result indicated that there is need to avoid overlapping commands between policies and performance of the tourism and hospitality in Egypt; Multiple supervisory authorities for tourist and hospitality facilities in Egypt. Avoid Lack of clarity of vision of the crisis management committee and avoid conflicting decisions and ensure their implementation of the tourism and hospitality in Egypt.
Crisis Management
Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Egyptian Hotels
tourism
2021
06
01
337
369
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_171152_cb11789c3b5ae35b6304d1a6bfa7a898.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Job Insecurity for Employees after the Corona Pandemic: Applied on Fast Food Restaurants in Cairo and Giza Governorates
ahmed
ghanem
The human element represents a major engine and influencing factor in success, distinction and continuity in light of competition, technological and cognitive advancement at the local and global levels, which prompts all contemporary organizations to pursue organizational policies aiming at protecting and caring for their human resources. The study aimed to identify the level of job insecurity for employees on fast food restaurants in Cairo and Giza governorates, especially after the Corona pandemic and the effect of personal factors (gender, age) on that and determined the nature of the relationship that links these personal factors and job insecurity for employees. The study found a high level of job insecurity and a strong effect between personal factors and job insecurity for employees. The study recommended that restaurant management should continuously working to develop, policies and programs related to job security, in a way that contributes to raise the level of human relations among employees, whether inside or outside the workplace and Pay attention to the psychological aspect by reducing employees' anxiety about their job future.
Corona Pandemic
restaurants
Job insecurity
2021
06
01
370
381
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_177505_6b9e3ab72a4205b07e921215536a1813.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Mediating Role of Employees' Negative Moods Between Bullying at Work and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Toward Individuals in Egyptian Hotels
Moataz bellah
Ibrahim
Sameh
Fayyad
For all people, bullying always sparks unpleasant memories, especially at the workplace when employees may be regularly bullied "verbally/ non-verbally" regardless of their age and position. Such a phenomenon consequently affects the employee mood and creates counter organizational citizenship behaviors. This research aims at shedding light on the mediating role of employees' moods between bullying at work and organizational citizenship behavior in Egyptian hotels. A questionnaire was directed to a random sample of 383 workers in front of-house employees in five-star hotels in SharmElshiekh. The obtained data was analyzed statistically by smart PLS version 3. The research revealed a mediating role of employees' moods between bullying at work and organizational citizenship behavior in Egyptian hotels. The research recommends that hotels should accurately monitor the workplace bullying phenomenon among employees to avoid its exacerbating effects.
Employees' Moods
Bullying at Work
organizational citizenship behavior
Egyptian Hotels
2021
06
01
382
395
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_188526_3485febd7e870dcdecc9646b10850442.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Perfuming Saffron in Egypt in The Era of The Mamluk Sultans: (648-923AH/1250-1517AD)
Mohamed
Hammad
When we look at the historical trajectory of any civilization as a gradual process of moving patterns of life from simplicity and fulfillment of necessities to complexity and diversity of requirements. By virtue of the Egyptian civilization historical precedence, it had a distinguished precedent in capturing every material of nature that contributed to achieve ritual richness. Where ritual practices were one of the most important features of Egyptian civilization throughout the history of its social and religious activities And manifested itself portrayed in the Islamic era, especially since the Mamlukera, At an early age, patterns of group communication moved from the level of seeking to provide the "necessities" of living to the level of concern for achieving "improvements" in life. Our gateway to examining an aspect of this passion for rituals and achieving improvements will be to observe pages of the Egyptian history of Perfumingsaffron on various occasions in the Mamluk era . Through an initial observation which indicated that Perfuming saffron consider a ritual that took place in social situations differed in the nature of its emotional component and varied in the nature of it's psychological effect, the behavior of Perfuming saffron included all classes of Egyptian society, where rulers use it as well as members of the common Egyptian people. The current study revolves around that historical period, with the beginning of the linguistic and idiomatic definition of Perfuming saffron, followed by an explanation of the various uses of the saffron plant. There are also some references that explain the precedence of the ancient Egyptian civilization to practice the ritual of perfuming saffron until the establishment of the Mamluk state, it became a prominent mark of the diversity of its images among the Strata of society in various situations that sometimes express joy and happiness, as well as show schadenfreude, the sources also mentioned pictures of the of perfuming messages, banners, clothing, shrouds, religious and civil architectural structures with saffron.
Perfuming Saffron
Saffron
Habits
Nilometer
Strata of society
2021
06
01
396
426
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_181347_d154b93714e0d424264f978065a9efff.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Impact of Developing Parks and Gardens on Tourist Attractions in Egypt
Alaa eldin
Abdellatif
Gardens and parks play a vital role in generating tourism demand especially local ones. It is an essential part of any tourist trip, perhaps the reason for this is that it contains a variety of entertainment services with the aim of entertaining its patrons as well as the beauty, the good scenery and the psychological comfort of the visitors as a result of the presence of these green spaces as well as providing fresh air and reducing the risk of pollution. And as regards of the importance of gardens and parks and the role they played in attracting public attention, whether inside or outside the country, thus contributing to making Egypt a distinguished tourist destination. This research aims to shed light on gardens and parks and their impact on tourist attractions in Egypt, in addition to identifying the obstacles and challenges facing gardens and parks, to reach the proposals for its development and define future plans for its development. The research recommended to establishing an independent authority for the Egyptian gardens that would work to protect and preserve them while laying down a future plan for their continuous development.
Parks
gardens
tourist attractions
Egypt
2021
06
01
427
462
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_177156_40a9f2ebc31e1eab7ce1ee552c4bbcd1.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
Methods of Promoting Sustainable Cultural Heritage Tourism: Empirical Study: Abu Mina Archaeological Site in Alexandria
Doaa
Fadel
Rasha
Siam
This research discusses sustainable cultural heritage tourism, the factors of its deterioration and the sustainability of its preservation. Sustainable tourism development is one of the modern trends that emerged as a result of the negative changes that the environment of tourist destinations has witnessed in the recent period. In various tourism destinations to overcome the negatives resulting from tourism development, which resulted in the use of sustainable tourism development tools, one of whose pillars is planning. However, the heritage areas are generally exposed to many challenges, most of which are related to the struggle between investing them as tourist destinations and preserving their architectural identity, which has become vulnerable for many reasons. The heritage areas in many countries have been subjected to cultural changes that led to their deterioration, but as of the twentieth century. The emergence of intellectual currents calling for the preservation of heritage areas, due to the national wealth that these areas represent. The tourism sector plays an important role in achieving economic and social development by providing job opportunities, introducing hard currencies and contributing to the general output.
Sustainability
Cultural heritage
Groundwater
Development
Restoration
2021
07
01
463
480
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_177153_b6f4b83eb4cb0002f8b5d0ae03a66aeb.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Impact of The Corona Virus on Tourism in Egypt
Sara
Elmogy
Tourism is one of the leading economic sectors globally, and it is also a major engine for sustainable development. The emerging crisis of the Corona Virus, known as (Covid-19) stopped the development of air transportation and the transport movement. The tourism sector is one of the sectors most affected by the outbreak of the Corona Virus emerging COVID-19. Some companies incurred heavy losses that led to their complete closure. Some airlines, tourism, and hotels have reopened again with all precautionary measures taken to prevent the spread of the virus. This study relies on the impact of the Corona Virus on the tourism sector in Egypt and how to benefit from countries' experiences in implementing tourism while following the preventive measures by the various tourism sectors or by the sectors associated with them. From official and unofficial tourist agencies in the country to confront the effects of the crisis on the sector to reach results that help develop recommendations to confront the crisis.
Corona virus
the impact of corona
corona in Egypt
2021
06
01
481
504
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_178835_73908299a3df0ec89cda64ac2054c7d9.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The impact of Bitcoin Electronic Trust Factors on Hotel Transactions as a Mechanism for Digital Transformation in Egypt
Mohamed
Zohry
Mohamed
Alsaied
Today, the world is dominated by a comprehensive technological revolution that extended to all walks of life and greatly affected different lifestyles, economic, social, cultural and others ...., and contributed to creating a set of new phenomena such as: e-commerce and electronic payment methods, such as electronic money of various kinds, and resulted from this development is the emergence of new means of financing trade exchange based on the use of electronic means of payment through the global information network "the Internet" and with the cooperation and facilitation of commercial banks, international financial organizations and networks. And with CheapAir.com accepting Bitcoin to book flights, as well as book hotels in many countries of the world and deal with them in some restaurants and cafes. Here, the researchers present a study of the impact of electronic confidence factors on hotel transactions in the virtual currency (Bitcoin), as well as studying the challenges of using the virtual currency in hotel transactions. To achieve this goal, a survey questionnaire was designed and distributed to collect data, and the number of surveys valid for analysis reached 264, and the data were analyzed based on the SPSS program, The results of the statistical analysis found that there is a significant effect of electronic confidence factors on hotel transactions with Bitcoin, and this means that the results came with the study model and that necessarily means the customer's feeling that the facility he deals with provides confidence factors during various transactions.
Electronic Trust
Bitcoin
Hotel Transactions
digital transformation
2021
06
01
505
532
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_179722_96286553457109db22cf274c774e6485.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2021
20
4
The Effect of Applying Ethical Training on the Performance of Salesmen: Applied to Some Egyptian Hotels
Ali
Shehata
The research aims to determine the impact of the application of ethical training programs on the sales performance of salesmen (quantitative performance; qualitative performance), while identifying the most important obstacles facing Egyptian hotels in implementing ethical training and its impact on the performance of salesmen. It was applied to a random sample of sales and training managers in five-star hotels in Sharm El-Sheikh and Cairo. The data was collected through a pre-prepared questionnaire as a tool to measure the relationship and influence between the research variables. The statistical analysis program "SPSS" version "26" was used to analyze the data and test the study hypotheses. Among the results of the study, there is a strong positive effect between the application of ethical training programs and the sales performance of salesmen. The results also showed that there are obstacles in Egyptian hotels that prevent the application of these training programs that negatively affect the performance of salesmen. Considering these results, the study recommended paying attention to an ethical training approach for building a positive image of the hotel, by building trust and credibility with current and potential customers.
Ethical Training
Quantitative Sales Performance
Qualitative Sales Performance
Codes of Ethics
2021
06
01
533
562
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_190991_7707c4b7e278c4e39fcb212342883dfd.pdf