2024-03-29T12:14:23Z
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/?_action=export&rf=summon&issue=16016
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Some Remarks on the iSd tree, the Sacred tree of Heliopolis
tarneem
Bayoumy
According to Ancient Egyptian myths, in Heliopolitan theology, it was in Heliopolis that the god Atum created the world, and the ancient group of the nine gods known as the Ennead were worshipped there. Heliopolis was the main cult center of the sun god Ra who took the leader role in the Ennead of Heliopolis as early as the 5th dynasty. In Heliopolis the cult of stone symbols and sacred animals was known as the bnbn, iwn pillar, the bnw, Mnevis bull and mongoose. Another important symbol of Heliopolis was a sacred Persea tree called iSd. The iSd tree supplemented the cult of stone symbols and sacred animals and became a very important sacred symbol that exceeded the borders of Heliopolis to become a central subject which contained the keys to divine order. The tree appeared in coronation scenes and scenes related to the Hb- festival, in the Book of the dead, besides its importance as a fruit, leaves and flowers. This paper aims at investigating the importance of the iSd tree and its appearance in scenes and texts. This paper begins with an introduction of the importance of the city of Heliopolis and the origin of the iSd tree, then focuses on the practical use of the tree, as well as its religious and spiritual importance. The study ends with a main conclusion.
Heliopolis
iSd tree
ancient Egypt
2020
06
01
1
16
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_105564_434921b06f3f18186461841b0d6e7350.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Using 3D Hologram Technology (3DHT) in the Distance Learning Program to Enhance the Professional Skills of Tour Guidance Undergraduate Students
Manal
Abdelhamid
Vocational training is the cornerstone of many industries especially those that depend mainly on the human element like tourism. The tour guide is considered one of the most vital employees in tourism. Depending on his performance and interaction with the tourists, the destination image is positively or negatively formed. Accordingly, it is necessary to pay great attention to tour guides’ education and training through formal specialized institutes to enhance the professional skills of tour guides. The training of the tour guidance undergraduate students is usually carried out through field trips in the monumental sites and museums in order to gain professional experience. However, because of the recent COVID19 Pandemic that resulted in full-scale quarantine, it became necessary to search for another technological approach through distance learning educational platform to achieve the educational objectives of the training courses. The recent study’s aim is to detect the possibility of using 3DHT in distance learning programs to reinforce the professional skills of students and achieve the maximum benefits for them beside considering this innovative method as an alternative approach of education that can be adopted in similar circumstances.
Hologram Technology
distance learning
Skills
Tour guidance
Undergraduate Students
2020
06
01
17
34
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_109878_d6556a42ed3136e7ce68c55dbaf83756.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Light, Darkness and Shadow in ancient Egypt
May
Hosny
In ancient Egypt there were different natural elements which affected the various aspects of their life. As the ancient Egyptians were good observers of nature, they realized all the natural phenomena as well as the natural elements surrounding them and provided each with secular and religious significances. Among these elements were light, darkness which created the shadow and the image. These elements reflected a great role on the ancient Egyptians daily life, underworld and even their afterlife. The article will deal with the different words of light, darkness, and shadow. It will emphasize how the light dispelled the darkness in the daily life as well as the afterlife. Moreover, it will cover the shadow which was created from the merging between the light and darkness. All these elements affected the cycle of the life of the ancient Egyptians. Furthermore, they believed in the importance of the image to ensure resurrection and eternal life.
Light
darkness
shadow
Image
Sun
2020
06
01
35
49
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_115880_49fc501ec7db47e796493218456e8189.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
THE FUTURE OF TOURISM POST COVID-19 PANDEMIC: FROM THE EGYPTIAN TOUR OPERATORS' PERSPECTIVES
Tamer
Hamdy Ayad
Mohamed
A. Moustafa
Mahmood
Khan
The Covid-19 pandemic is the worst crisis the international tourism sector is facing, and UNWTO has revised its 2020 forecast. Full closure of borders led to a collapse in international tourism to Egypt with a loss in GDP and employment. UNWTO affirms that tourism will recover, but it won't be the same as before, which presents a gap to be filled. This paper aims to identify the changes in tourism industry components post COVID-19 pandemic as perceived by Egyptian Tour Operators. Survey data using questionnaires were collected from 373 employees. The results show that tourism will be more domestic, face mask and social distancing will become the new norm, tourist will choose hotels with an effective hygiene system, and health-check will be a must to enter airports and airplanes, which present a significant contribution to the understanding of the future of the tourism industry by policymakers, stakeholders and tourism researchers.
COVID-19 pandemic
Egyptian tour operators
Tourism demand
Impact of COVID-19
Post COVID-19 changes
2020
06
01
50
64
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_112599_8cb65e38b39f4863241609d52be54361.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
City tourism as a key driver for sustainable development in Cairo Metropolitan: Challenges and opportunities
Nashwa
S. El-Sherif
Galal
Afifi
City tourism has increasingly become a dominant trend in many destinations worldwide. Due to its various benefits across the cities and beyond, many countries have targeted enhancing the tourism profiles of their major cities and/or metropolises to develop them into global tourism destinations. Moreover, many tourism academics and practitioners have contributed to our understanding of the concept and benefits of city tourism on local communities. Nevertheless, most of the available literature to date is based on the experience of cities and metropolises in the developed world, while little attention has been given to this domain in the developing countries. This article aims to investigate the challenges and opportunities of city tourism as a key driver for sustainable development in Egypt with particular emphasis on Cairo Metropolitan area as an urban destination suitable for both long and short breaks. The study depended on both primary and secondary data sources and encompassed two methods of qualitative data collection: observation and interviews. The study concludes by developing a conceptual framework for boosting Cairo Metropolitan into a global tourism city and giving a number of recommendations on how to enhance the tourism profile of urban destinations for the welfare of local communities.
tourism
cities
Metropolises
Breaks
Development
Sustainability
2020
06
01
65
77
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_108915_c04b824753b001941909f827252ae8a7.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Application of Machine Learning in the Hotel Industry: A Critical Review
EID
ALOTAIBI
Study purpose – The hotel industry like any other industry is witnessing a change due to information and communication technology. However, this change is quite slow. Many researchers in recent time have garnered interest in exploring and implementing the new technologies of artificial intelligence and machine learning in the hotel industry. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to give insights on the role of ML and its integrated technologies in the hotel industry.
Design/Methodology/Approach – The study has critically reviewed articles published from 2010 to 2020. To achieve the research objective, the study seeks to answer three main research questions related to the existing literature; RQ1: Where does the hotel industry implement machine learning? RQ2: What are the machine learning techniques used in the hotel industry? RQ3: Which countries are using machine learning in the hotel industry?
Findings – The study found that machine learning is helpful in demand forecasting, price forecasting, booking cancellation prediction, financial efficiency, and work efficiency. The machine learning algorithms outperform in the forecast accuracy against the statistical models. The countries at the forefront in machine learning technologies are China and USA. The other countries should take the cue from them and implement machine learning in their hotels
Originality of the research – This research conducts exploratory analysis to identify the extent of scientific community knowledge and awareness on machine learning in the hotel industry. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no prior researcher has conducted a similar study specifically in the hotel industry.
Hotel Industry
Machine Learning
artificial intelligence
Deep learning
Hotel management
2020
06
01
78
96
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_108732_19b7e16e7240aa896469ddc21fcc46bf.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
The Role of Heritage Hotels in the Development of Creative Cultural Tourism: The case study of Egypt
Noha
Khalil
Hany
Kozmal
There is a growing interest in destinations for seeking several ways to make themselves more attractive and competitive and creative cultural tourism can achieve it. The heritage hotel industry has become more popular in the world and premised to give its guests the ideal atmosphere and motivate them to experience the authentic culture of the destination in a creative way during their stay. The study examines the nature of heritage hotels and their creative activities. This exploratory study aims to provide a basis for understanding and management of the role of heritage hotels in the development of creative cultural tourism. The methodology of "case study" was used, and data were collected using a questionnaire addressed to four and five-star heritage hotels' department managers, supervisors, and employees, and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. The results indicated that Egyptian heritage hotels are able to enrich local culture by giving their guest the chance to interact with local community through their creative activities. The creativity guideline for heritage hotels has been presented and conclusions and recommendations are given in the framework of the circumstances of the case.
Heritage hotels
creative activities
Creative cultural tourism
2020
06
01
97
133
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_113039_4968279abfdd96230b6fee8608448ed7.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Career Development Programs in Greater Cairo Three-Star Hotels
Nahla
Helmy
Michael
Magdi Zaki
Career development is regarded as one of the main processes of human resources management in the hospitality industry that requires planned programs with systematic procedures. A pilot study has been implemented and reached a conclusion that most of the three-star hotels in Greater Cairo have no career development programs. Then, the research aims at evaluating the overall situation of the career development process in Greater Cairo three-star hotels, identifying the main problems facing the implementation of such programs, and finally providing constructive recommendations for supporting career development programs. The research has chosen 15 three-star hotels in Greater Cairo as the sample of the study, representing 42.85% of the total number of Greater Cairo three-star hotels. The research has utilized a questionnaire distributed among 45 managers as 3 managers per hotel. Another questionnaire has been disseminated among 450 employees working in the visited hotels and the total number of valid answered questionnaires reached 379 representing 84.2% of the distributed ones. Research results demonstrated that there is no full staff awareness about hotel career pathways in their hotels with no career plan and reliable criteria for staff promotion, the fact that leads to employees’ job-dissatisfaction. It is recommended to launch an awareness campaign for hotels’ staff about career development significance and provide training courses for HR staff concerning the procedures of the career development process. Academics and researchers should assist in preparing benchmarking studies that could support career development programs in hotels.
Career Development
Career Development Programs
Greater Cairo
three-star hotels
2020
06
01
134
163
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_112584_670404350348350279ddd25cee796d89.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Assessing the Performance of Managing and Following-up Online Hotels’ Guests Reviews
Mohamed
Abed
Purpose –Word of mouth (WOM) is considered among the most powerful source of information that affect consumers’ purchasing decisions in the hotel industry. The importance of this effect growing because of the hospitality nature, those services are difficult to evaluate before consumption. The digitization of WOM and its spread on a large scale make it easier to track opinions about the services offered, which is more likely to have more credibility among consumers. Handling and responding to guest comments and reviews especially negative one is a very important in affecting the purchasing decision of the potential consumers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how managing customers’ online reviews affect hotel performance and customers retention of some four stars hotels in Red Sea, Egypt. Design/methodology/approach– the data was collected through a semi-structured interview addressed to Director of Sales and Marketing and another questionnaire addressed to a sample of customers who lately visited the Red Sea. Research limitations/implications– The research focused on a sample of the four stars resort hotel's in Red Sea, Egypt.
social media platforms
Online Reviews
Negative comments
Hotel Performance
Handling Guest Complaints
2020
06
01
164
176
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_106498_533b1a1a7356db9dfe0c60e0d75822fd.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Food Waste Management: Exploratory Study of Egyptians chefs
Shimaa
Soliman
Food waste has recently become one of the most common problems facing the hospitality sector. Food waste in the kitchen represents the largest waste stream in a full-service hotel and approximately four to ten percent of food purchased by restaurants becomes kitchen loss, both edible and inedible. It is, however, food waste in the hospitality sector that has been excluded from attention. This study provides critical literature of kitchen food waste according to chefs’ viewpoint in Alexandria Governorate -Egypt hotels. The study aims to evaluate practices implemented in kitchens; moreover, increase awareness among kitchen staff with the dangers of excessive food waste. The study also discusses the application of smart food waste management systems in kitchens and finally, recommends some effective practices for effect food waste reduction. In order to achieve these objectives, 300 questionnaire forms are distributed separately and by mail to professional kitchen staff in all types of hotels. The returned and valid forms were (253) forms with a percentage rate (84.3%). Data were described using mean, standard deviation, Pearson coefficient correlation, Spearman coefficient. The study highlights the lack of awareness among kitchen staff towards food waste issues, due to which management actions were taken by the managers.
Food waste management
Organic waste
Sustainability
Edible food waste
2020
06
01
177
198
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_112595_5366c3307c126051810b31bac13df065.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Hotels: The Mediating Role of Affective Commitment
Sameh
Soliman
Ahmed
Hasanein
Organizational culture (OC) has emerged as one of the foremost themes in management studies and organizational behavior over the past three decades. This research aims to measure the impact of OC on organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) in a sample of five-star hotels. It also examines the mediating role of affective commitment (AC) in the relationship between OC and OCB. For this purpose, online questionnaire was adopted with a random sample of employees in the investigated hotels. A number of 400 forms was distributed, among them 331 forms (83%) were completed and valid for analysis. The research hypotheses tested through multiple regressions analysis and the mediating effect was tested using Sobel z test. The results showed that OC positively affect OCB. Furthermore, AC partially mediates the relationship between OC and OCB. Based on the results it is recommended that hotel managers should pay special attention when choosing their employees specially who have OCB attributes in their personality because this will affect job outcomes.
Organizational culture
organizational citizenship behavior
affective commitment
Employees Behaviors
2020
06
01
199
209
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_109872_578ddb151fac480d995c2fbe1dd94625.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
Factors affecting quality culture in Al Ahsa’ Hotels
Khaled
A. Al Falah
Quality movement emerged as revolutionary approach and philosophy in management which continuously search for needs and requirements of customers and try to incorporate them in organization systems, policies and procedures on an ongoing basis. Therefore, many companies around the world adopt the techniques and principles of that momentum. However, there is a dearth of knowledge regarding requirements of such direction in developing countries such as Saudi Arabia. The majority of research done in this area was conducted in different areas of the world, especially western countries. Little empirical research was done in developing countries that investigate the requirements to enhance the culture base for the quality to grow. Accordingly, this study tries to tackle this issue by investigating the existence of seven requirements of Total quality management adoption in the hotel industry in Saudi Arabia. To achieve its objectives, the study utilized a survey among mangers in selected five star hotels in the eastern region in Saudi Arabia. Results revealed that quality awareness is high in the selected hotels. Moreover, there are high levels of top management commitment to quality and focus on satisfying customer needs of the services provided by the hotels. The results obtained from this study have implications for managers and researchers.
Hotel Industry
Total Quality Management
Quality Management
Service Sector
Hospitality management
Saudi Arabia
2020
06
01
210
223
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_109877_3ec8204c6c91397bab2a8cb23f9d320a.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
The Role of Art Festivals in Revitalizing and Promoting the Inbound Tourism to Egypt: Applying to the Annual Film Festival of El Gouna
Tahia
Nasr
The research aims to study the role of art festivals in activating and promoting inbound tourism to Egypt by applying to one of the most famous Egyptian art festivals which is El Gouna Film Festival. The study can achieve this means by following up on the contribution of this festival to the promotion and improvement of the mental image of Egypt and the revitalization of the tourist movement coming to it. Based on the foregoing, a form has been distributed for surveying the opinions of a random sample of participants in the festival for the year 2019. The number of distributed forms were 100. The results of the field study showed that the elements of tourist attractions and tourist services are available in El Gouna City and the Red Sea Governorate. Furthermore, there is an improvement in the tourist mental image, as well as a positive impression among the participants about Egypt. The study also indicated that there is a lack of promotion to the festival. The study recommended the necessity of publishing a lot of information about the El Gouna Film Festival on the websites. Moreover, it called for concerted efforts from official and informal institutions, to overcome any obstacles and informing about in good time before the opening. That’s to attract more participants from different countries around the world.
Festival
El Gouna
Mental Image
Festival tourism
art festivals
Tourist promotion
2020
06
01
224
239
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_107801_8bd2a1fbd347ad50ed1c2058419814fc.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
The Impact of the Environmental Assessment Using the Quadruple Strategic Analysis Matrix in Enhancing the Competitive Advantage of Diving Tourism in the Jordanian Coast of the Gulf of Aqaba
Ibrahim
Bazazo
Maher
Al-Shamayleh
Lama
Mahmoud Al-orainat
The research aims to identify the impact of environmental assessment using the quad analysis matrix (SWOT Analysis) in enhancing the competitive advantage of the reality of diving tourism in the Jordanian Gulf of Aqaba coast, through the use of the quadruple analysis system to identify all the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats in diving tourism in Aqaba, to provide a comprehensive picture of the chronological reality of development in the diving tourism industry, and the spatial organization and spatial relationships between all uses in the study area, also drawing on the geographic information systems and remote sensing software, to provide a holistic picture that contributes to learning about the current reality of diving tourism in Aqaba, and the future prediction in the form of spatial space within a comprehensive holistic approach based on scientific foundations. The study reached the importance of integrated environmental management with its natural, economic and social elements, based on a comprehensive analysis and diagnosis of all diving tourism activities, according to sustainable planning and approach, based on future best practices and projections related to the uses of the diving tourism industry. This contributes to setting the decision-maker on the right path in adopting the holistic planning process for the diving tourism industry in the study area, especially in light of the great expansion witnessed by the diving tourism industry in Aqaba during the recent times.
Diving Tourism
Spatial analysis
Coral Reefs, Integrated Management
SWOT Analysis
Quadrant Analysis Matrix
2020
06
01
240
258
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_113647_4f04b6fa37c8a69b7afa1134565e7a8d.pdf
Journal of Association of Arab Universities for Tourism and Hospitality
1687-1863
1687-1863
2020
18
3
The role of Marketing Innovation in Achieving Hotel’s Business Excellence
Ali
El sayed Shehata
This study aims to determine the effect of applying Marketing Innovation practices (Developing the marketing technology; creating value for customers; creative thinking of marketers and assessing the feasibility of marketing innovations) on hotels’ business excellence. The field study was applied to a simple random sample of marketing and sales managers in five – star hotels in Cairo and Sharm El Sheikh. A questionnaire form was used to collect the research data. Data were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS.V.23). The research results concluded the impact of most dimensions of marketing innovation on a hotel’s business excellence while applying all dimensions together showed a high positive effect. The research recommended the importance of applying all dimensions of innovation marketing as one practice without fragmentation with the creative formulation of the hotel's marketing strategies.
Marketing Innovation
Marketing technology
The feasibility of marketing innovations
Business Excellence
2020
06
01
259
284
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_107800_b26941a5d8c31bb25d720af0a5589d0a.pdf