ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Social Entertainment in Greco- Roman Egypt (Games and Sports)
There’s no doubt that sport represents a central cultural place in the mankind civilization also sport and physical activities can be traced to the beginnings of recorded history. The ancient Egyptians practiced a lot of today’s sports such as shooting, wrestling, weightlifting, fishing, ball games, long jump, rowing, and swimming as well as competitive sports such as wrestling and non-competitive sports such as hunting that practiced for recreation. Indeed, there was a strong culture between physical activity and the ancient Egyptian religion as well as was found a relation between the kings and the athletic prowess. Besides, athletic competitions included several sources of traditions derived from hero cults, funeral games, and initiation rituals as well as components of religious festivals, for example, gaming squares were found into temple roofs for the recreation of priests as well as religious and funerary contexts. While the kings, princes, and statesmen of ancient Egypt were eager to attend sports completions that provided with the necessary equipment. In other words, sports like the gym represented the most important parts of the most Greek men also fed the soul and the body of the athletics so the Greeks played games of several kinds such as competitions of physical athletics. Besides, the Greek thought that the gods liked to see human bodies as strong, fit, and graceful. Also, athletes in Roman Egypt enjoyed many privileges and benefits in their cities up to public offices, pension, and extension of public liturgies and these athletics activities perhaps are owing to the flourishing of metropolis life. Meanwhile, this paper aims to republished and shed light on the various sides of the entertainment social sides in daily Egyptian life but in specific studied the importance of sports and games and the symbolic of them for the ancient Egyptian in daily life as well as the religious importance of sports and several games. Specifically, this research contained the history of games and recreation in ancient Egypt such as sport flourished in Ptolemaic Egypt for example, Ptolemy IV who participated in a Greek contest.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_140583_22620d0dd98beba52588f56f4e8724b0.pdf
2020-12-01
1
34
10.21608/jaauth.2021.54216.1103
Sport
Game
Greek
Roman
toys
board
Entertainment
athletes
enjoyment
gymnasia
contest
Doaa
Fadel
doaa.fadel1985@gmail.com
1
Lecturer in Tourist Guidance department High Institute of Tourism, Hotels - King Marriott, Alexandria.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
New Trends in Tour Guiding, The Guide faces Technology ‘Applied study to selected sites in Egypt’
This paper studies the new trends in tour guiding. Technology will make a great change in guided tours, a change which is critical for guiding and led to the rise of new trends in guiding. Tour guides must develop themselves and be in line with new trends that affect their career. The new trends are represented in the electronic museum guide. Another trend in museum guiding is virtual reality; technology can provide good knowledge and information about exhibitions. Robot guiding also is a new trend in museums to give certain information to tourists. Guiding “tourist with disabilities” is another new trend in which tour guides still need to be trained and equipped to help tourists with disabilities. Some examples of how to apply these trends in Egypt are referred to as a virtual reality model of Tutankhamun collection and enhancing guiding through the robot, an example of Alexandria national museum.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_136512_7100c32d4186888f4b7aaf66e0f642ca.pdf
2020-12-01
35
47
10.21608/jaauth.2021.53018.1099
Electronic museum guide
Virtual Museum
Robot guiding
tourist with disabilities
Haitham
Sotohy
haisamtaher@yahoo.com
1
Tour Guiding Department, Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotels (EGOTH) at Luxor
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Iconography of Elephant as Offering at the Temple of Isis at Philae
A remarkable scene is attested on the western gate room of the pylon of Philae temple in Aswan. The scene represents three fecundity figures on each vertical’s columns. The three male figures personify three districts in Lower Nubia, namely Mekhat, Maâmaâ and Bakt. The function of these figures is explained according to the textual accompanied the scene. Ptolemy IV Philopator was depicted as one of the three offering bearers presenting offering to the main god of the temple. The relation between the Ptolemaic king and fecundity figure is emblematic in order to follow the divine cult of the temple. The scene records a single elephant figure on the pylon room referring to ivory. The ebony, ivory and stones products were brought from Lower Nubia to be offered to goddess Isis. This paper will analyse the connotation of this remarkable scene in accordance to its textual evidence. The researcher will approach the historical, religious background on the elephant as an offering during the reign of Ptolemy IV Philopator. The analytical study will also allow to differentiate between the three fecundity figures on each vertical hieroglyphic column.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_147395_6bf8ec24b380e31d58a96a0b2941bea8.pdf
2020-12-01
48
60
10.21608/jaauth.2021.53460.1100
Divine offering
fecundity figures
western room of pylon
ivory
elephant
Sherouk
Ossama El-Sayed Zagloul
sherouk.ossama90@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels Alexandria University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Fate in ancient Egypt
The Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the richest civilizations in acquiring various concepts and beliefs from nature. These concepts and beliefs can be divided into two categories Secular and Religious. As the ancient Egyptians were very religious people, so their dominant beliefs were religious beliefs which in turn had a great influence upon their secular life. Consequently, both concepts and beliefs were intermingling together. This paper will deal with a unique topic which exists within the different thoughts and beliefs of every human being. No matter what was the time or the age this concept dominates the mind of every human being. Therefore, all the incidents that happens in our life will be automatically related to the fate concept which is stored in the thoughts and beliefs of the human mind.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_147397_75f6adf55792a5613e935b1e65b893b7.pdf
2020-12-01
61
68
10.21608/jaauth.2021.59022.1123
Fate
Destiny
Shay
last judgment
God’s will
May
Hosny
mayhosny@live.com
1
Helwan University Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Work Commitment in Middle and New Kingdom Texts
Work commitment is intensely emphasized in the context of work and positive characteristic traits from the Middle and the New kingdoms. The texts hint at traits that were overall perceived as the socially recognized ideal conduct in work atmosphere. The texts constitute a catalogue of how committed and disciplined employees, officials and workers were, making it possible to better understand work values and ethics in the Middle and the New Kingdoms. The subject even sheds light on other related factors such as co-workers, workplace, climate, mastering skills and work conditions. Only rare attestations expressing work commitment are encountered in tomb scenes from the Middle and the New Kingdoms. Nonetheless, exchanged dialogues in the featured workshops and fields should have been inspired from real life. The research is therefore an approach to aspects of the topic of labour in ancient Egypt, with associated sources of information from the Middle and the New Kingdoms.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_149934_86de947c72c4bbb3294e7019d80a9f8a.pdf
2020-12-01
69
96
10.21608/jaauth.2021.58002.1120
Work
Commitment
Discipline
Workers
positive characteristic traits
Rania
Merzeban
raniamerzeban@yahoo.com
1
Associate Professor, Tourist Guiding Department Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Petosiris in his Tomb at Dachla: Venerating the Deceased in Roman Egypt.
The paper investigates the interesting classical figure of Petosiris in his Roman tomb at El-Mazawaka necropolis of Dakhla, who wears the traditional Greek garment of the chiton and the himation. It explores the high appeal of Petosiris to appear in this costume in his tomb? Is this a kind of a fashionable Hellenistic’s influence or it still has its Egyptian concept? Also, the paper highlights the funerary cult for the deceased in his tomb, through the offering-priests who venerate Petosiris on the walls of his tomb. Furthermore, the article analysis the ritual meaning of the objects in the hands of Petosiris. The classical figure of Petosiris confirms his high status as one of the elites in the community, as well as the mixture of Egyptian and Hellenistic - Romano art, and in fact,itdoes not resemble the ethic of the patron of the deceased either Egyptian, Greek, or Roman.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_149937_5fbd1e840cfafde7dd87749ba5303714.pdf
2020-12-01
97
112
10.21608/jaauth.2021.61749.1128
Classical
the garment
the cult
the rotulus
Wahid
Omran
wao00@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Associate professor in Guidance Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Challenges Facing Tour Guide Profession and their Impacts on the Egyptian Guides performance
Tour guides have important roles in the tourism industry, but they face many problems and challenges that may adversely affect their performance and this might affect negatively the tourists' satisfaction and experience. Therefore, it is important to focus on these challenges and difficulties and try to find actual and realistic solutions to them. The current research aims at exploring the different challenges and problems facing tour guides in Egypt. Within this context, two online questionnaire forms were distributed to Egyptian tour guides and experts in the tourism and guidance field (May 2020 to July 2020). It was concluded that different challenges face tour guides in Egypt such as terrorism, crises, and disasters, which greatly impact the tour guide profession; moreover, according to Law No. 121 of the year 1983 concerning tour guides, they are not allowed to combine more than one job as well as some persons practice the tour guide profession without a license, which negatively affects the Egyptian tour guide's image. The research reached a set of recommendations to improve the working conditions of tour guides in Egypt.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_136510_3f2e5a2d011016eb5a86a2c3cc60199c.pdf
2020-12-01
113
130
10.21608/jaauth.2021.54989.1105
Tour guide
challenges
Tourism Industry
performance
Jermien
Abd El kafy
jermienhussein1692013@gmail.com
1
Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of tourism and hotel management, Helwan University.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Pros and Cons of Using Gamification in Tourism Education as a Motivational Tool
Gamification is the use of game thinking, approaches and elements in a context different from the games. It is an important tool to know because it will almost certainly have a big role in the future of education.Using game mechanics develops motivation and learning in all circumstances. The main aim of gamification in education is to let students participate, contribute and cooperate with each other. The technique of gamification in education is to give students practical commands and feedback, and this is done via game mechanics added to online platforms, which will lead to achieve its aims and objectives. This study analyses pros and cons of using gamification in education as a motivational tool. The main data collection method involved a questionnaire conducted with a sample of academic professors; second questionnaire administered to students who applied gamification in their syllabus in order to investigate the effect of gamification on students’ motivation in learning.The paper recommends that successful and sustainable gamification can convert students into fans and make learning a joy. In addition, a gamified application must offer a valuable experience; otherwise students are not going to use it.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_149938_ef9f1ae041aa7b5470f74ec6a6ce577d.pdf
2020-12-01
131
152
10.21608/jaauth.2021.57086.1116
Gamification
Game Mechanics
Game dynamics
Game Based Learning
student engagement
waleed
Radwan
waleed_2rm@hotmail.com
1
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management- Helwan University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Haidy
Elsaid
haidy.arafa@gmail.com
2
Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management- Helwan University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Developing the Nature based Tourism in Minia Governorate: An Analysis of Tourism Potentials and Constraints
Nature-based tourism is an important component of the tourism industry in the world and its features vary from one destination to another. However, nature-based tourism destinations are not appropriately developed due to structural and operational difficulties related to local planning. In the Minia governorate, the location, quantity, and quality of natural resources and their required infrastructure for tourism development have not been well documented. So, this paper identified the potentials and problems which face the governmental authorities in developing and promoting nature-based tourism. Moreover, the nature based tourism activities that are most suitable to be developed in the Minia governorate have been determined. The collected data depended on in-depth interviews depended on questionnaires with governmental authorities related to nature based tourism development in Minia governorate and the main branches of these authorities in Cairo. These interviews were undertaken from February to April 2020. Analysis of these interviews explained that Minia governorate has many natural attractions for developing nature-based tourism activities. On the other hand, it illustrated three main issues constraining the development of nature-based tourism. These obstacles are lacking adequate financial resources, lacking coordination and overlapping of competencies between the authorities responsible for the development of nature-based tourism, and lacking tourist awareness of the importance of nature-based tourism development.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_134497_6755e2d8eccd8d62a9a6d0aa21de3dcb.pdf
2020-12-01
153
179
10.21608/jaauth.2021.52240.1094
Nature-based tourism
Potentials
Constraints
Governmental Authorities
Minia governorate
nesreen
khairy
nesreen.ahmed@mu.edu.eg
1
tourism studies department, Faculty of tourism and hotels, Minia university
LEAD_AUTHOR
aya
Magdy
aya.mohammed@mu.edu.eg
2
Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Integration of Students with Disabilities in Egyptian Tourism Higher Education Institutions (THEIs): An Academic Perspective
This study seeks to evaluate perceived institutional support and attitudes exhibited by academics towards the integration of students with disabilities (SWDs) in Tourism Higher Education Institutions (THEIs). The willingness of academics in accommodating SWDs and their interest in furthering professional development for the education of SWDs will also be assessed. A survey was randomly distributed to academic staffs in THEIs with a resulting 310 responses. A Path-Analysis model was implemented using Amos 25 for the testing and validation of research hypotheses. Results indicated positive attitudes among academics towards SWDs with a general willingness to accommodate and integrate them in THEIs. Findings also indicated that the institutional support academic perceive has a significant influence on academics as well as their willingness to support SWDs. This study suggests the strengthening of support and development of training for academics in relation to the education of SWDs. These suggestions and their practical implications for THEIs are detailed in this study. To the author’s knowledge, this study will be the first investigation in discussing the academics perspective on the integration of SWDs in THEIs. The results obtained from this study would therefore contribute towards more future literature in this regard..
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_140588_e1d069f1e75e9450b5c6ecef06e80bb5.pdf
2020-12-01
180
206
10.21608/jaauth.2021.52690.1098
Students with Disabilities (SWDs)
Tourism Higher Education Institutions (THEIs)
Academics
Institutional support
Integration
Noha
Kamel
noha.kamel@alexu.edu.eg
1
Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A Holistic Model for Sustainable Restaurant Operations using the Business Model Canvas Approach
Providing sustainable food services has become a common practice of many hospitality enterprises around the world. Nevertheless, previous studies focused on a specific aspect of sustainable restaurants and lacked a comprehensive investigation of their overall operations. Therefore, this study aims to apply the Business Model Canvas approach to develop an integrated business model that enable successful operations of sustainable restaurants. A qualitative approach was adopted in this study using the Delphi technique as an instrument for collecting primary data. The process of primary data collection involved three rounds. The first round included administering an open-ended questionnaire that captured the nine aspects of the business model canvas for eco-friendly restaurants. The second round aimed to revise the model that was developed based on the results of the first round, while the third round aimed to establish a consensus on the revised model. A panel of experts including 19 academic and industry experts were recruited in the empirical investigation. The results of the study provided some eco-friendly practices that were incorporated into a holistic model that captures the major operations of sustainable restaurants. Doing so contributes to the hospitality literature by addressing a knowledge gap as well as contributes to the industry through the proposed empirical model.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_140590_f6587f865fff6194bf526452cbc3f9dc.pdf
2020-12-01
207
227
10.21608/jaauth.2021.54916.1104
sustainable restaurants
Eco-friendly
green Practices
Business Model Canvas
Abuelkassem
Mohammad
kassem.mohammad@mu.edu.eg
1
Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moamen
AbouElezz
momen.kamel@mu.edu.eg
2
Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Investigating the Effect of VSM on the Performance of Quick-Service Restaurants
Value Stream Mapping (VSM) is a value-based improvement approach that eliminates losses and processing time and maximizes value added time, contributing to enhanced performance effectiveness. In this context, this paper introduces VSM as a different method for restaurant industry and an overall perception for output flow through differentiating wastes, improving cycle time reduction and assessing the value added to the final service. For this purpose, this research follows the qualitative approach to comprehensively investigate the competence of value stream in a Quick-Service Restaurant. This study was based on analyzing and improving the production process of a specific and single product Big Hamburger Meal (BHM) from the classic meals of the case restaurant. The results indicate that implementing VSM principle contributes to operational process enhancement and improvement. The Future State Map indicates an average 20% performance improvement in the critical stages/activities of BHM production. Also, the VSM principles suggest some modifications in six operational activities; negotiation, purchasing, receiving, storing, handling food, and packaging.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_146721_e3b9f8cfb5120c9bc8bfa35127a48e9f.pdf
2020-12-01
228
250
10.21608/jaauth.2021.52594.1097
Value Stream Mapping
Task Performance
restaurants
Emad
Abdelaal
emadabdelaal2002@yahoo.com
1
University of Sadat City, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Hotel Studies
LEAD_AUTHOR
Abdallah
Elshaer
elshaerabdallah66@yahoo.com
2
University of Sadat City, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Hotel Studies.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Evaluation Hotel Practices Toward Proper Food and Beverage Storage
The literature has shown that there are many facilities, practices, and procedures that should be applied to maintain proper storage of food and beverage. Structured interviews were adopted to collect the data from Forty Five three-star hotels in Cairo. These interviews were conducted with hotel store managers with a response rate of 75.5%. The research findings revealed that most food and beverage stores in the three-star hotels in Cairo undergo a lack of implementation of proper storage facilities and practices and lack of food and beverage stores personnel's awareness towards proper storage practices and personal hygiene requirements. So, this research recommended that hotels should provide the stores with equipment and facilities that will achieve the best implementation of proper food and beverage storage practices and keep the stored food in a manner that makes stock life longer as much as possible and protects it against contamination that might cause foodborne illness or food poisoning.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_151668_1203a1832dadebf4e8e2599ae7a64fb9.pdf
2020-12-01
251
268
10.21608/jaauth.2021.62005.1129
Food &Beverage Storage
The Three-star hotels
Cairo
proper storage procedures and practices
personnel's knowledge and awareness
Mohammed
Hassan
msg02@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Hotels Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The application of Robots, Artificial Intelligence, and Service Automation in the Egyptian Tourism and Hospitality Sector (Possibilities, Obstacles, Pros, and Cons)
Robots (R), artificial intelligence (AI), and service automation (SA) (RAISA) technologies are greatly applied in the tourism and hospitality industry around the globe. Research on this area is getting momentum, however, investigating the topic in the Egyptian tourism and hospitality industry has been fairly neglected. This study aims to analyze the application of RAISA technologies in travel agencies and hotels in Egypt. The researchers adopted an in-depth semi-structured interview method and analyze the qualitative data collected from a sample of twenty IT managers and IT assistant managers in travel agencies and hotels. The results confirmed that there are no robots’ applications in the Egyptian tourism and hospitality sector. However, there are some AI (chatbots, AI search platforms) and SA technologies adopted (digital kiosks, virtual reality, mobile check-in/out, smart rooms). The main obstacles of applying RAISA are cost and the absence of qualified human resources. From the interviewees' viewpoint, the most significant pros of RAISA are increasing the quality of services provided, improving performance, reducing human mistakes, and overcoming problems related to employees' mental and psychological state. While the cons are huge investments required and decreasing the essential human interactions between customers and employees. Additionally, the interviewees declared that the tourism and hospitality sectors are witnessing significant technological changes in Egypt vision 2030.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_151670_e6d4845047702b186c54423fad07175d.pdf
2020-12-01
269
290
10.21608/jaauth.2021.60834.1126
Robots
artificial intelligence
Service automation
tourism
Hospitality
Reham
Touni
reham.toni@mu.edu.eg
1
Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University
LEAD_AUTHOR
aya
Magdy
aya.mohammed@mu.edu.eg
2
Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Snake's symbolism in Coptic and Islamic Art
The snake is considered one of the important symbols of creation and good in Ancient Egyptian civilization, however, it sometimes even symbolized evil. This symbol was, furthermore, used by Coptic artists in many paintings, sculptures, and applied arts. The snake appeared in many pictorial presentations derived from religious stories, a pattern that was still in use during the Islamic era, where the snake appeared in many miniatures that tell the story of Adam and Eve, the Devil temptation, and their expulsion from heaven along with the snake, the peacock, and the Devil. Despite that symbolism of evil and temptation to disobedience, the representation of the snake played another role when it appeared in the Islamic hospitals as a symbol of healing, and in other occasions, as a symbol of protection stinging away evils and pests. The research aims to study of the snake symbolism in Coptic, Byzantine, and Islamic periods contemporary to the Renaissance in Europe, and to Shed light on the snake symbolism in various forms of art, such as painting, miniatures, sculpture and applied arts.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_154008_e58852f6b8c3c9830b0c773401661c6d.pdf
2020-12-01
291
316
10.21608/jaauth.2021.64221.1141
Snake
Symbolism
religious stories
miniature- bimaristan
castle
Adam
Eve
Mofida
El Weshahy
drmofida.alweshahi@tourism.suez.edu.eg
1
Tourism Guidance, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
AUTHOR
Radwa
Omar
radwa_hagag@tourism.suez.edu.eg
2
Tourism Guidance, Faculty of Tourism & Hotels, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The impact of digital technology on the development of human resources competencies in Travel and Tourism sector: Case study Egypt Air company
This research aims to study the correlational and significant relationship of digital technology that develops the human resources competencies by studying the EgyptAir case. This study applies the descriptive analytical approach supported by methods of statistical analysis. A survey was conducted for a random 200 employees from all the company departments, including the administration, and it was designed based on the five-reply question Likert scale. The study results showed several points, the most important of them, that there are no differences in the statistical evidence among the surveyed sample about the importance of using digital technology in EgyptAir and developing the human resources competencies. Moreover, as conducted from the questioner, there is a positive impact of using digital technology and developing human resources competencies in EgyptAir. Which gives a good indication about the validity of the research that there is a statistically proved relationship between digital technology and its ability to develop human resources and competencies. In addition, a number of recommendations were made to contribute to improving and developing the competencies of the human resources and would assist the decision-makers in supporting competencies of human resources of EgyptAir.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_146723_c5b09f47d78e7fa7a5dc00795b0a8b4c.pdf
2020-12-01
317
341
10.21608/jaauth.2021.55925.1109
Digital technology
human resource competencies
competencies
Skills
Sara
Wahba
dr.sara_wahba@hotmail.com
1
Faculty of tourism and hotels - Beni Suef University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Travel Agent’s Category (A) Tour Leader’s Behavior in Selling Excursions and its Effect on Tourist’s Loyalty and Repeat the Visit with the Same Travel Agent: A Case Study Travel Agents’ Category (A) in Hurghada City
The tourism industry and its various activities, such as optional trips, is one of the most important sources of income, as it is also an important source of commissions for workers in the tourism companies' sector, category (A) of sales commissions for the excursion. Reference to the internal and external competitions that the Egyptian market is going through. There is no doubt that the excursion plays an essential role in the competition between companies, so the sales departments are putting pressure on the tour leaders to achieve the highest possible profit from the excursion's sales. This sometimes leads to the use of some pressure on tourists by the group leaders, leading to the tourists' dissatisfaction or unwillingness to deal with the company again. Here comes the importance of this study to clarify the tour leader's behavior and determine the extent of the tourist's satisfaction from disloyalty and repeat the experience with The same company, which leads to a great loss for the company. Therefore, it became clear through the study that some of the group leader's wrong behaviors follow in selling excursions with tourists, the most important of which is providing inaccurate information about the trip and giving false promises. Therefore, the study recommends the necessity to emphasize the selection of the leaders of the tour groups and their evaluation and training them well on the skills of presentation and negotiation Selling and how to communicate the information clearly, analyses the comments of tourists, and solve their problems, which in turn enables the company to maintain the loyalty of its customers and repeat the visit and recommend to others.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_122883_069bc5e4b2448c3fa9c69d182576db43.pdf
2020-12-01
342
365
10.21608/jaauth.2020.30987.1015
Tour leader
excursion
tourist satisfaction
employee behaviors
Fares
Madany
hrg_1981@yahoo.com
1
Excursion manager in sky max holidays Hurghada
LEAD_AUTHOR
Shimaa
Elbanaa
shabanashimaa@gmail.com
2
Tourism studies Department, Higher Institute Tourism Management in new Damietta
AUTHOR