ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Publishing a funerary Stela in the Egyptian Museum in Tokyo
The paper publishes of a funerary stela which is now exhibited in the Shibuya Egyptian Museum at Tokyo and registered with the inv. no. AEM1043. It is made of limestone and measure about H. 28.4 cm W. 18.0 cm H. Its provenance is the Serapium of Saqqara with unknown dating. It is a flat top stela and divided into two registers. It shows the Apis bull in the recess at the top standing in a small naos. The first register shows a kingly figure presents offerings before the enthroned Osiris, and Isis stands behind, while the second one portrays an interesting depiction of a female maid is taking care of the dead's feet. Unfortunately, the stela lacks an inscription text to facilitate recognizing for the identity, character and give a precise dating. The paper investigates its funerary scenes and figure out a precise dating through its funeral art. The paper concludes that the stela is most often relates to the deceased woman, as one of the Greek elites in Memphis during the 4th century BC.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_97924_705bcb566c84272097b3ab7cef89116e.pdf
2020-06-01
1
13
10.21608/jaauth.2020.30898.1013
Saqqara
the deceased
Anubis
the afterlife
classical art
Wahid
Omran
wao00@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Associate professor in Guidance Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Carpentry in Ptolemaic Egypt
The art of wood carving and the crafts of the carpenter are of very ancient date in Egypt. Carpentry was an essential craft and played a vital role in the Ptolemaic Society through manufacturing furniture and different shapes of wood work. This paper aims to highlight the craft of carpentry in Ptolemaic Egypt. The aim of this study will be achieved by detecting Greek papyri which date to the Ptolemaic period and displaying the few representations of carpentry scenes depicted on the walls of the Tomb of Pet Osiris at Tuna El-Gable. This study will also specify types of wood used. It also shed light on the role of carpenters, their workshops, their tools, and their products. This study is depending on a historical and analytical methodology to achieve its aims.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95093_d8928f6575e1db4a09f2111373220ca0.pdf
2020-06-01
14
26
10.21608/jaauth.2020.30818.1011
Carpentry
carpenters
papyri
Ptolemaic
Zenon
wood
tools
Pet Osiris' tomb
Farag
Zaki
farag.shehata@mu.edu.eg
1
Faculty of tourism and hotels
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
God Heryshef
This paper deals with one of the celestial gods in ancient Egyptian religion, god Heryshef, who was the main deity at Ahnsia Al madina. He was god for fertility, and he was a creator god. He was worshipped during the Greco roman period in the form of god Hasrsaphes and they identified him with Hercles (Wilkinson, 2003: 193). It is mentioned at Palermo stone that he was worshipped from the 1st dynasty, but the oldest temple dedicated to this god, dating to Middle Kingdom, and it was enlarged by Ramses II. Heryshef associated with Wsir and Re, and he was known as the bA of these deities (George, 2005:68). He appeared in the form of a ram with horizontal horns or in a human form with ram head. He is characterized by many qualities and titles. The paper aims at studying this god showing how he was important in the ancient Egyptian religion by studying his titles, qualities, forms, and his relations to other deities.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94946_8d4c80161800403237fbbcd71888b68f.pdf
2020-06-01
27
40
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31490.1022
God Heryshef
Ahnsia Al madina
mona
ali
monaezz82@live.com
1
faculty of tourism and hotels , mansoura university
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Politicisation of Early Egyptian Tourism
Egypt’s excellent geographical location has long made it an important link between Africa, Asia, Europe, and the Indian Ocean world. The country’s history and achievements remain alive and modern and include innumerable cultural activities ranging from the arts to music and theatre. Egypt owes the richness of its present artistic and cultural landscape and modern infrastructure to Ismail Pasha (Khedive of Egypt and Sudan from 1863 to 1879), who aspired to modernise Egypt and introduce Egyptian society to Western culture. With the assistance of French Egyptologist Auguste Mariette, Khedive Ismail organised a tourist programme to introduce foreign guests to Egyptian culture during the inauguration of the Suez Canal in 1869. This article investigates this tourist programme and its itinerary, both of which were designed to provide guests with a sense of continuity between ancient Egypt and the Khedive’s large-scale modernisation projects.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95087_7150c2f712aea36dfc05c7e1f5ed01e6.pdf
2020-06-01
41
56
10.21608/jaauth.2020.27638.1006
Khedive Ismail
Thomas Cook
Suez Canal
colonial tourism
Enas
Fares Yehia
efyehia@pnu.edu.sa
1
Tourist Guidance Department, Tourism and Hotels Faculty, Minia University, Minia, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Ramses II in Face of Asian Deities: Some New Considerations
Ancient Egyptian religion had embraced many foreign gods and goddesses. Perhaps the reason behind this is the expansion made by the kings of the New kingdom, conquering many countries that include different civilizations and cultures from the ancient Egyptian civilization. Also, the military expansion made by the kings of the New Kingdom to the Egyptian borders which became an Empire. During the reign of king Ramses II, who had ascended the throne of Egypt after prominent kings, was able to establish a powerful empire. It is worth mentioning that king Ramses II who was always proud by his victories and military campaigns, was interested in showing himself humiliating all his enemies through reliefs, statues. So, art during king Ramses II played a vital role in reflecting this power and domination. This paper aims to shed light on the representations of king Ramses II with the foreign deities. It investigates the reasons behind king Ramses II’s choice of these gods and goddesses to be represented. The paper discusses these gods and goddesses’ costumes, positions, emblems. The paper concluded that king Ramses II is considered one of the most Egyptian kings who appeared in various representations with foreign gods, and artists tried hard to show these gods and goddesses with an Egyptian appearance that is in line with the Egyptian king while preserving the foreign tendency of each god. The artists had put a system during the reign of king Ramses II; they managed to Egyptianize all foreign deities. This means that all Asian and Palestinian gods and goddesses represented with king Ramses II were in Egyptian features while keeping their ethnicity.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95100_30400a0b950587c5cdbf5808441e019c.pdf
2020-06-01
57
75
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31577.1026
Asian
deities
Ramses II
New Kingdom
Evan
Boules
evan.edward2013@hotmail.com
1
Guidance Department, Tourism & Hotels, Pharaohs academy,Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Obstacles Hindering the Implementation of E-learning in the Faculties of Tourism and Hotels in Egyptian Public Universities
E-learning refers to the dependence on technology in education. Applying e-learning in high-education institutions is important for facilitating the educational process. This research identifies obstacles impeding e-learning at the faculties of tourism and hotels in Egyptian public universities. It depended on primary data through addressing (150) questionnaires to the teaching staff of the mentioned faculties to evaluate their application of e-learning and identify its problems. The research also depended on secondary data related to its subject. The findings revealed that the majority of the mentioned faculties apply e-learning, especially after the recent Corona virus pandemic. However, there are some problems hindering the e-learning effectiveness in these faculties, e.g. the inadequate acquaintance with it. Therefore, research recommends providing clear criteria for e-learning in the mentioned faculties coping with its electronic nature and providing practical workshops about e-learning for the teaching staff, students, and parents to raise their awareness about it.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95091_bbb8c0fce8c7c8d666aabb0e983f2397.pdf
2020-06-01
76
95
10.21608/jaauth.2020.30275.1009
E-learning
tourism and hotels
Higher Education
Ahmed
Hammad
dr.ahmedhammad50@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels - Mansoura University - ُEgypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohamed
Zohry
zohry2010@yahoo.com
2
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels - Mansoura University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Studying of Sharing Economy in Egypt as a Destination for Tourism and Hospitality
Tourism and hospitality in the age of the sharing economy follow a model based on a global concept with a local practice. The traditional tourist supply is based on the tourist attractions of a destination, expressed by the characteristics of the destination itself and a range of services related to accommodation, transport, and food. For the last five years, almost 500 sharing economy platforms, related to tourism services, have been developed; 50% of these are related to the transport sector, 39% leisure and 11% for accommodation (Peeters et al., 2015). The evolution of sharing economy technologies in the tourism and hospitality industry has facilitated the communication process between the tourists and service providers, which has led to the disappearing of the intermediates. This paper aims at studying the sharing economy in Egypt as destination for tourism and hospitality , discussing how the sharing economy affects travelers’ destination choice, travel frequency, length of stay, and activity participation, and illustrating how to develop the peer 2 peer accommodation (P2PA) in Egypt as being one of the sharing economy tools in Tourism and Hospitality Industry globally. A pilot study was conducted during September 2019. The study found that applying the sharing economy in the Egyptian tourist destination still needs more development. On the other hand, the study assured that sharing economy has effects on travelers’ destination choice, travel frequency, length of stay, and activity participation. More efforts should be exerted by the Egyptian tourism and hospitality managers to motivate the potential of the P2PA market.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_105795_dd1f061dc43f5e90428625610d2b65fa.pdf
2020-06-01
96
120
10.21608/jaauth.2020.33103.1037
Sharing economy
Platforms
Peer-to-Peer Accommodation (P2PA)
tourism and hospitality
accommodation
Customer satisfaction
Salama
Ammar
salamalogly@gmail.com
1
Tourism Studies Department, Higher Institute for Tourism and Hotels - Luxor (EGOTH), Egypt
AUTHOR
Hany
Kozmal
hany_atef2000@yahoo.com
2
Hotel management the higher institute for tourism and hospitality management Egoth Luxor
AUTHOR
Tamer
Abdulaziz
dr.tamer@hith.edu.eg
3
Tourism Studies Department, High Institute for Tourism and Hotels, 6 of October City, Egypt
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Expected hospitality practices and hotel attributes as predictors of American tourists' attitudes and booking intentions toward hotels in Egypt
This study aims to explore American tourists' expectations of hospitality practices and hotel attributes focusing on hotels in Egypt and to examine the impact of expected hospitality practices and hotel attributes on potential tourists' attitudes and booking intentions. A questionnaire survey was designed and administered among potential tourists. Based on valid data from 300 participants, structure equation modelling SEM using smart PLS 3.0 was performed to examine the hypothesized model. The results indicated that hospitality practices and intangible hotel attributes were highly expected by participants. Hypotheses testing results revealed that both expected hospitality practices and hotel attributes did not directly influence booking intentions, yet they have negatively affected guests' attitudes toward hotels which confirmed the significant mediation effect of guests' attitudes.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_92316_37fdaa1cc359aae43a2203f01ac435ec.pdf
2020-06-01
121
135
10.21608/jaauth.2020.27636.1005
hospitality practices
hotel attributes
Attitudes
intentions
American tourists
Abuelkassem
Mohammad
kassem.mohammad@mu.edu.eg
1
Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University
LEAD_AUTHOR
Moamen
Kamel AbouElezz
2
Hotel Management Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Minia University
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Left-handed in Ancient Egypt
Throughout the ages and periods, most people physically and Instinctively prefer to use their right hand in works that depend on one hand, such as eating, writing, and carrying things, etc. But abnormally, it is certain that there were a few people who used their left hand skillfully and precisely as in the current days. These people are known as left-handed. The question is that whether the left-handed were found in ancient Egypt, and is there evidence for it? It is true that searching for the left-hand examples in these immemorial times is not easy, and I will try in this research to answer these questions starting with the words that express the left and the left-handed in the ancient Egyptian language and the significance of the left in ancient Egyptian thought. Were the Egyptians pessimistic of the left-handed? It should be noted that the researcher will not pay attention to the person who is depicted using his left hand while hunting, fighting or walking, etc. as the ancient Egyptian artist followed particular depicting and drawing rules to show all parts of the human body for the viewer. The researcher will focus only on left-hand people physically, such as left-handed scribes; whether there is a left-handed king or not; and the relationship between the method of wrapping the royal kilt and the left hand, as well as some statues of individuals in the old kingdom that grasped a handkerchief or a papyrus roll in the left hand and its relationship to the left-handed. Other evidence will be presented.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95089_90074dc6456a65727b5099de4c530245.pdf
2020-06-01
136
156
10.21608/jaauth.2020.30100.1008
Left-handed
East
Hand
ancient Egypt
Statue
left
scribe
Hamada
Mansi Ashour
hamada.ashour@damanhour.edu.eg
1
Lecturer of Egyptian Archaeology- Faculty of Arts, Damanhour University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Developing e-marketing systems in light of benefiting from operations the digital transformation of travel and tourism companies - a field study
Purpose –The research aims to identify the requirements of digital transformation in support of electronic marketing systems, and then to demonstrate the effectiveness of electronic marketing systems for travel and tourism companies.
Design/methodology/approach-A descriptive approach was used, through which ambiguity was removed from some concepts related to electronic marketing and its relationship to digital transformation processes, as well as a deductive method was used by field survey to derive the proposed development elements of the e-marketing system by analyzing and arranging the relevance of optimizing the benefits of digital transformation. This is based on a sample of experts and academics in the field of tourism and travel.
Findings – The results of this research concluded that the requirements of digital transformation in tourism and travel companies have been proven to support the advanced e-marketing system, and then the e-marketing system will achieve effectiveness in tourism and travel companies in the light of digital transformation processes. The study recommended taking into account the effective determinants of the output of the study model and taking the requirements of the digital transformation in achieving the effectiveness of electronic marketing for travel and tourism companies.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94951_bdf74f2ccf7abe6d2495fad1dac193fb.pdf
2020-06-01
157
176
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31215.1018
digital transformation
travel and tourism companies
E-Marketing
Nermen
Elhattab
nermen_elhattab@hotmail.com
1
The Higher Institute of Tourism and Hotels in Alexandria
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
A proposed model for managing the potential risk of group tourism in Egypt in light of security and safety requirements at international airports "
Purpose – The research aims to suggest a model for managing the potential risk of group tourism in light of security and safety measures in international airports, which will serve as an intellectual structure governing practical procedures in managing tourism risk.
Design/methodology/approach-The research used the modern scientific method to test the nature of the current state of security and safety measures, and their role in reducing the potential risk of group tourism in Egypt, then outlining the potential risk determinants of group tourism in light of security and safety measures at airports.
Findings –The results of the research were acceptance of the hypothesis that the proposed model reduces the potential risk of group tourism in light of security and safety measures in international airports and provides an intellectual structure of goals, concepts, assumptions, and important principles to control the management of the potential risk of group tourism.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94955_01a71aa8b6cdb0af9b90736d0e18802b.pdf
2020-06-01
177
201
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31217.1017
intellectual structure
potential danger
group tourism
safety and security requirements
international airports
Nermen
Elhattab
nermen_elhattab@hotmail.com
1
The Higher Institute of Tourism and Hotels in Alexandria
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The role of pink marketing in women's purchasing decision-making concerning tourism products: “A field study on women–only tourist beaches in the northwest coast of Egypt”
The importance of the study lies in highlighting the impact of using pink marketing in the tourism field where women constitute a large segment of customers that must be appreciated. The questionnaire was designed using a Likert five-measure scale to measure the main study variables and the AMOS V 24 program was used to calculate the structural equations model (SEM) and its indicators in order to prove the hypotheses, confirming that there is a positive impact relationship with statistical significance between the dimensions of the pink tourism marketing mix (product, price, promotion, and place) and women's purchasing decision making when arranging for a trip to women –only beaches. In the light of its results, the study highly recommends applying the philosophy of pink marketing to help companies and tourism institutions develop their products in line with the needs and preferences of women with the possibility of achieving greater effectiveness in the marketing strategies followed by corporate management or tourist places in a manner that doubles their market share.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_104801_9435ddf71976be4cabdb6f5061bc311b.pdf
2020-06-01
202
225
10.21608/jaauth.2020.33341.1038
Pink Marketing
Women's purchasing decision
Women –only beaches
The northwest coast of Egypt
Heba
Abdel Kerim Youssef Zidan
heba_zidaan@yahoo.com
1
High Institute of tourism and hotel management and monuments restoration
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Reality of Using Ecolabelling as a Tool for Green Marketing in Tourism Companies
Ecolabelling plays a direct role in raising awareness towards the importance of protecting the environment among both the locals and the tourists by linking economic and social issues to the environment. It has also become a modern tool that contributes to the marketing of tourism services as an application of the principles of green tourism marketing and as a modern mechanism to communicate with tourists. The main objective of the research is to determine the extent of using ecolabelling as a modern marketing tool by evaluating the viewpoints of managers at tourism companies (category A) to determine the extent of their effectiveness and competitiveness in marketing. The research also aims to inform, educate and support professionals and those in charge of tourism management systems towards the necessity of getting environmental certificates and applying the procedures, in addition to considering ecolabels as an essential element in customer choices when making purchasing decisions. In order to achieve the main objectives of the research, the questionnaire was designed and used to explore the opinions of a simple random sample of general managers and marketing managers at tourism companies (category A) in Alexandria regarding the use of the ecolabelling as a marketing tool, through interviews. The study concluded that it's important to apply green marketing programs in tourism companies, in addition to identifying and analyzing the obstacles that hinder their use, as it has become clear that there are deficiencies in the process of applying and activating them, as well as the importance of including a green marketing culture at the professional level to be able to apply environmental sustainability standards and create a competitive advantage for the tools of tourism marketing used in the tourism companies sector. The study ended with a set of recommendations and suggestions directed to all concerned parties to activate the mechanisms of green marketing. The study has also provided a practical model accompanied by a guide to support applying green marketing tools in Egyptian tourism companies.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_105783_84a0ec84e5b293f4bfc1f950b304a589.pdf
2020-06-01
226
251
10.21608/jaauth.2020.36588.1052
Ecolabelling
Green Tourism Marketing
Environmental Certification and Declaration Programs
tourism companies
Heba
Abdel Kerim Youssef Zidan
heba_zidaan@yahoo.com
1
High Institute of tourism and hotel management and monuments restoration
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Determining the Critical Factors of success in Entrepreneurship of Food Vendors in the Street
Determining the Critical Factors of success in Entrepreneurship of Food Vendors in the Street Summary Street food is considered one of the entrepreneurship branches. The importance of entrepreneurship lies in being a vital solution for unemployment. This research aims at identifying the factors of the studying sample success for the entrepreneur street food vendors in Heliopolis at Cairo governorate whose number reached about thirty-four entrepreneurs. A questionnaire was used to collect the data and the results were handled in statically methods. These results showed that there is a partial interest from the establishments to the topics of entrepreneurship thinking and weakness of education syllabus in motivating towards entrepreneurship. The study recommends the reinforcement of marketing strategies for food street vendors, preparing an accredited whole database of the vendors of street food in the republic Establish a classification manual system for street food. Considering street food as a tourist activity under the supervision of the ministry of tourism.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95096_bc2ddb95a0630f1db386a911f7120454.pdf
2020-06-01
252
269
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31208.1016
Entrepreneurship
Food Street Vendors
Risk
Dalia
shusha
dalia_shusha@yahoo.com
1
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Community College, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Functional Foods and their impact in attracting Customers to Egyptian Hospitality firms
The field of providing hospitality services is characterized by a very competitive atmosphere, seeking to build an ideal business identity, increasing profit rates, and doubling turnout. Among the biggest challenges facing food research in this century is to maintain sustainable food production while providing high-quality food products with additional functions to prevent lifestyle-related diseases such as cancer, obesity, diabetes, heart disease, and stroke. Functional foods with biologically active ingredients may provide desirable health benefits that go beyond basic nutrition and play important roles in preventing lifestyle-related diseases. The results that we reached through the research showed the importance of functional foods and their important and vital role in attracting and increasing the number of customers to Egyptian hospitality firms.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_120106_28e462ef120b0e7eb29639d0e1e9573b.pdf
2020-06-01
270
288
10.21608/jaauth.2020.32469.1033
Functional foods
Healthy foods
Organic foods
Egyptian Hotels
ibrahim
Ramadan
ibrahim.ramadan62@yahoo.com
1
Ministry of Higher Education, Higher institute for specific studies, Nazelt El-Batran. Haram St., Giza
LEAD_AUTHOR