ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Conception of Pilgrimage in the Ancient Egyptian Religion
The concept of pilgrimage in most religions is similar to a great extent to the ancient Egyptian festivals and celebrations. This is shown in the way of performing the rituals and reviving of the religious myths. Festivals in ancient Egypt provided a good chance for people to gather and celebrate in a distinctive and traditional way.[i] Ancient Egyptians did not consider the celebration as representing a sort of their personal piety. Scholars debated that the ancient Egyptians thought of the celebrations was as a kind of change or an opportunity to alter their daily routine.[ii] So the research is focused on the religious concept behind the festivals and celebrations of the ancient Egyptians, and their relation to the personal piety. The research is applied to the festival of Osiris at Abydos as a model of the concept of celebration. It was chosen as a good example of the interaction of the public, and because they had a starring role in the rituals. The research compared the rituals performed during the Egyptian festivals pilgrimage to the religious proving that there are many points of similarity to religious pilgrimage.
[i] Assmann, Religion and Cultural Memory, p. 40.
[ii] Bleeker, Egyptian Festivals: Enactments of Religious Renewal, p. 23; Meskell, Private Life in New Kingdom Egypt, p. 171; Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, p. 56.
[i] Assmann, Religion and Cultural Memory, p. 40. [ii] Bleeker, Egyptian Festivals: Enactments of Religious Renewal, p. 23; Meskell, Private Life in New Kingdom Egypt, p. 171; Teeter, Religion and Ritual in Ancient Egypt, p. 56.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94925_1405b94f60ed47887d600f72384722bd.pdf
2020-06-01
1
10
10.21608/jaauth.2020.20803.1002
pilgrimage
Festivals
personal piety
Hebatallah
Abdou
hebaky@hotmail.com
1
Guidance department faculty of Tourism and Hotels Sadat city University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Goddess Henut
This paper concerns in Goddess Henut, (the white Pelican). The research aims to throw light on her role in Ancient Egypt and to show her importance. The study included a simple Introduction about Birds in general, and the white pelican in particular. The study referred to her form, as she appears as a white pelican bird or a goddess with a pelican head, [i]she is known as the mother of the king, [ii]the paper shows her mention in the different sacred Texts like the Pyramid Texts, Coffin Texts, and the Book of the Dead. The study also discussed the different ideograms that represented the name of this goddess, it discussed her role and function in the Ancient Egyptian Religion as it was thought that she provides the deceased a safe Passageway to the Hereafter. [i]Chr.leitz, Lexicon der Ägyptischen Götter und Götterbezeichnung V, OLA 114, ( Leuven- Paris, 2002),158 [ii]R. H. Wilkinson, The Complete Gods and Goddesses of Ancient (Cairo, 2003 ),213
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94944_48e51c385dbaa94926e29a973cc98e7c.pdf
2020-06-01
11
16
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31654.1027
Goddess
Henut
the white Pelican bird
mona
ali
monaezz82@live.com
1
faculty of tourism and hotels , mansoura university
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Unpublished Anthropoid Wooden Coffin of Padiatum at Beni-Suief Museum
The ancient Egyptians had paid attention to death and resurrection. They have faced many difficulties, including how they will preserve the body of the deceased, whether through embalming or a safe place for burial, providing the deceased with protection to arrive the netherworlds easily. This paper aims to study and date an unpublished anthropoid wooden coffin of Padiatum, who lived during Late Period; it is now preserved at Beni-Suief museum under registration Num 1245. This anthropoid coffin was found during excavation in Sediment el-Gabal. The authors are the first people who will deal with dating this coffin in an academic method through iconography and text study. The dating of the coffin has not been identified previously. So, the authors could date this anthropoid wooden coffin based on decorations and texts analyses; the authors will introduce more evidence to prove the argument dating of this anthropoid coffin. Neither surveying nor comparing the decoration and scenes techniques have been done by authors. The paper, then, compared these decoration features on the coffins which are extracted from sediment el-Gabal and results are discussed. This paper is developed using analytical and comparative approaches based on document and decorations analyses. Moreover, major similarities and differences among decorations on this coffin and other techniques have been resulted. The paper concluded that this coffin with these decoration patterns was executed through Late period of Egypt. The level of implementation of these decorations and inscriptions are typical to the period of end of Late Period. It can approximately be dated from 26th to 30th Dynasty.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94950_76f0a25aae9ff027773c82e1f13783e2.pdf
2020-06-01
17
38
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31493.1024
Anthropoid Coffin
Sediment el-Gabal
Beni
Suief- Late Period
Padiatum
tamer
fahim
tme00@fayoum.edu.eg
1
Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Fayoum. Egypt
AUTHOR
Soad
Fayez
soadfayez@yahoo.com
2
Curator of Beni-Suef Museum, Ministry of Egyptian antiquities
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Artistic Features of the Round Topped New Kingdom Individuals Stelae in Serabit EL-Khadem
Sinai became since the Archaic Period, the main supplier of turquoise, and remained so during the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. That was why South Sinai was the destination of many mining missions that documented commemorative inscriptions on the rocks of the mountains surrounding the mines, the roads leading to them, or on the sandstone stelae. The current study focuses on the artistic features of the round-topped New Kingdom individuals’ stelae in Serabit El-Khadem in South Sinai. The first table illustrates the main information of forty-five studied stelae followed by an analytical study of their artistic features; such as the scenes of the round top (first register) that contain symbols like the winged sun-disk and the wDAt eye, hieroglyphic inscriptions, or sometimes kept plain. Then, the study deals with the body of the stela (second register), discusses royal and individuals clothing, headdresses, beards, necklaces, sandals, altars, and offerings. Besides, the research focuses on the scenes of the bottom of the stela (third register) which mainly advertises the position of the owners of the stelae in the scene. The study ends with a conclusion that reiterates the most important results of the current study.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94931_1352a12e36fa04b2afb8ceb872c1f55b.pdf
2020-06-01
39
65
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31330.1019
Stelae
Individuals
Round Topped
Winged Sun-Disk
WDAt
Apron
Owners
Rehab
Elsharnouby
relsharnouby@hotmail.com
1
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels - Mansoura University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Artificial Intelligence in Egyptian Tourism Companies: Implementation and Perception
Artificial intelligence (AI) is considered one of the most important innovative technology. AI has been used in several industries and has already accomplished notable impacts. The tourism industry is one of several sectors that is affected by AI tools; chatbots, personalized service recommendations, smart solutions are used in travel agencies. This paper aims to explore the implementation of AI techniques in the Egyptian tourism companies and investigate the employees’ perceptions towards using AI tools in tourism operations. This paper applies the quantitative approach; an online questionnaire was distributed to tourism companies, only 320 responses were valid for statistical analysis. Concerning applying AI tools in tourism operations, the results revealed significant differences among tourism companies which provide full tourism services. Regarding the size of tourism companies, large and medium-scale tourism companies apply AI techniques more than small and micro-scale ones. This research found two fundamental employees’ views of applying AI: advantages of AI (enthusiastic) and disadvantages of AI (suspicious). From a managerial standpoint, this research shows the AI techniques that are applied in tourism as well as identifies the importance of their implementation, which may help managers to draw policies and strategies to improve their technological infrastructure and skills, as well as apply the most beneficial AI tools. This, in turn, enhances their performance and saves time and money.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94939_d89ade51377b4b9927deb8a98625f966.pdf
2020-06-01
66
78
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31704.1028
artificial intelligence
tourism companies
Machine Learning
Chatbots
Hebat Allah
Ali Sayed Mohamed Gaafar
heba.gaafar@fth.usc.edu.eg
1
Associate professor, Tourism Studies Dept., Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, University of Sadat City
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Macroeconomic Determinants of Tourism Private Investment in Egypt: An ARDL Model
With the increasing number of tourist arrivals and changing tourism patterns and preferences, the importance of stimulating tourism investment in Egypt has become apparent. This paper aims at examining the macro-economic determinants of tourism private investment in Egypt from 2002 to 2019. Seven macro-economic variables are used to model tourism private investment in Egypt using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) framework. The main findings of the study show that in the long run pub1ic (government) investment, rea1 exchange rate, tourist arrivals and tourism revenue are positively correlated with private investment in the tourism sector, while real lending rate and political stability are negatively correlated with tourism private investment in Egypt. Short-run results are also consistent with the long-run outcomes. The outputs of this paper provide essential data for formulating and executing policies that aim at enhancing private investment in the tourism sector in Egypt.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95393_385b924845cb0587bc96ebf13e287115.pdf
2020-06-01
79
94
10.21608/jaauth.2020.30581.1010
Private investment
tourism
Macro-economic determinants
Egypt
ARDL
Nagla
Harb Sayed Ahmed
naglaalex40@gmail.com
1
Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Alexandria University
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Impact of Re-engineering Process in Human Resources Development Applied to Travel Companies in Egypt
The interest in re-engineering process, especially in human resources, contributes to enhancing the success of companies - especially companies working in tourism activity - in accomplishing strategic tasks for human resource development and then achieving the strategic goals of these companies. Moreover, it enables organizations to price, promote, and distribute products through development researches. The more these organizations could absorb their customers and markets the more success they could achieve. This contributes in raising the total efficiency of tourism as a whole and increases economic chances of organization at microeconomic level, which leads, in turn, to the growth of the macro economy. The importance of this study lies in the economic dimension of human resources. No one can deny that developing human resources contributes in supporting the economic growth, bringing of sustainable enhancement of wealth production and rising productivity. It is a prerequisite of sustainable and total development.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94941_86008abc20209ec9126f77a50e3a8c7e.pdf
2020-06-01
95
106
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31804.1030
Human Resources
Re-engineering process
tourism companies
Amira
Abdo
amirahassan412@yahoo.com
1
Tourism Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, October 6 University
AUTHOR
Hany Ahmed
Khattab
hanikhattab@hotmail.com
2
tourism studies department tourism and hotels faculty October 6 university
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Assessing the Impact of Situational Leadership Style on Enhancing Employee Performance in Quick Service Restaurants
Several researches have dealt with leadership style and its impact on employee performance. With that in mind, this study will inspect the impact of one of the leadership styles (situational leadership style) on employee performance among leaders and employees of quick service restaurants (QSRs) in Greater Cairo. Although there are different types of leadership styles, this research focused on only one type of leadership behavior (i.e., situational leadership) to assess its relationship with both of employee job fit and job incentives. This study reports the findings of a questionnaire survey from 240 QSRs employees conducted from July 2019 till September 2019. This survey included 21 items based on five-point Likert scale (from strongly disagree to strongly agree) which was used to measure both situational leadership behavior and job performance from the view of its employees. The results of this study reveal that QSRs' employees working in Greater Cairo are affected by their managers' conduct of situational leadership. Consistent to these findings, QSRs' managers have to improve their relationship behavior with their subordinates; also, they should understand how high task behavior will influence them to mature in their performance and how effective the manager was in using situational leadership style.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95102_b0f9c956709092f1c97556f51ceb9686.pdf
2020-06-01
107
121
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31853.1031
Leadership Style
Situational Leadership
Quick-Service Restaurants (QRSs)
Employee Job Performance
Neveen
Mansour
mnbassel@yahoo.com
1
Hotel Management, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
Mohammed
Elziny
mohammed_nagi_fth@yahoo.com
2
Hotel Management, Faculty of Tourism and Hotel Management, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt.
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The effect of Urban Primacy on the Historical Cities in Yemen: An applied study on the Historical City of Zabid
Historical cities are an urban area, a cultural heritage with a historical dimension. Its distinctive lifestyle and cohesive urban texture, it's also an important axis of development especially in the field of tourism development. Although the importance of historical cities, they are facing many urban problems, perhaps the most prominent of which is the urban primacy of the major and large cities, and its impact on the growth of the historic cities, which has led to the deterioration of its condition and urban texture, neglecting of the local community and low economic benefits expected, which has lost its historical value and attractiveness as a cultural center. This study discusses the characteristics of urban primacyon historical cities. It also aims to develop a development strategy for reconsider of historical cities. The research explains how to face the decline of urban degradation, maintaining its identity and authenticity of historical cities, and activating the role of these cities in the tourist and cultural aspects by applying the study on the Historical City of Zabid in Yemen, which has been one of the world heritage sites since 1993. This research is based on an analytical descriptive approach through two main frameworks: a descriptive framework that monitor the historical features, characteristics, and urban transformation in the study area; and an analytical framework that offers an urban strategy to cope with the decline and representation of the environment in the historic cities and make them an attractive area for living, tourism, and various development activities.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94934_bedbf43a18c991e55b9bf0a9d67580d3.pdf
2020-06-01
122
143
10.21608/jaauth.2020.23576.1004
Urban Primacy
Historical Cities
Cultural Tourism
Rehabilitation
Historical City of Zabid
Yasser
Alhiagi
yasseralhiagi@gmail.com
1
Assistant Professor of Heritage Site Management, College of Tourism and Archeology, King Saud University, Riyadh
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Unusual bust patterns for individuals during the New Kingdom: function and symbol
The culture of the ancient Egyptians was the culture of death for who study the ancient Egyptian beliefs in-depth; they were keen to afterlife, as they cared about death and prepared for it well and knew it was the difficult journey that separates it from the eternal life that he will live quietly and enjoy in its green fields. But to reach this moment, he had to go through a difficult journey of death, in which he is fighting evil spirits who wish him destruction and immortality. The ancient Egyptians knew the memorialization of their dead in various and various ways since ancient times, where they buried their dead in places close to their places of residence, offering them offerings daily, then memorialization took other forms during the new Kingdom and became a cult of the ancestors and perpetuating their memory. The paper aims to present the idea of memorializing the deceased through statues of individuals half unusual in terms of form and method of carving during the New Kingdom. The author explains how these busts were used to perpetuate the memory of the deceased in terms of the shape, design, and writings that were engraved on them and therefore the research author uses a descriptive approach that allows explaining these busts and comparing them to others in the same historical period and then the development that occurred for these statues to produce results that can be formulated that these statues Which is a unique model that individuals used during the New Kingdom to memorialize the ancestors in order to help them in the other world. The study sample was drawn from a group of busts that belong to the members of the New Kingdom and vary between those that were formed in the form of amulets or that were designed in the form of a double body. In the end, we can conclude that the busts that belong to individuals during the era of the modern state are evidence of individuals' knowledge of worshiping ancestors and perpetuating their memory as they used to help them cross like them to the other world.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_95098_c5d46f0f46504d976c6aa1f644b72e09.pdf
2020-06-01
144
162
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31529.1025
Individual
bust
New Kingdom
Deir El Medina
Evan
Boules
evan.edward2013@hotmail.com
1
Guidance Department, Tourism & Hotels, Pharaohs academy,Giza, Egypt.
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Desert tourism as a tool to achieve development requirements Sustainable development in light of Vision 2030 - a prospective study
Purpose– The research aims to uncover the elements of the tourist attraction that the Egyptian desert abounds in and through which the various tourism demands that support Egypt as a diversified and distinct tourist destination are realized through exploring the extent of the contribution of desert tourism to achieving sustainable development in its multiple dimensions that are evident from the respondents' answers in accordance with Egypt's 2030 strategy Through the ingredients that distinguish it. Design/methodology/approach- The study was based on the open-ended survey of tourism and sustainable development experts and academics in Egyptian tourism studies, based on the descriptive approach. Findings– The results reached the assumption that desert tourism represents an effective tool in achieving sustainable development in all its dimensions that represent Egypt's 2030 plan for sustainable development, and therefore there is a role for the tourism mix of this type of tourism in achieving the sustainable development plan in Egypt.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_94953_daa1d711bd39480ffe59214a71e8f77a.pdf
2020-06-01
163
183
10.21608/jaauth.2020.31409.1020
Desert tourism
Prospective study
Sustainable Development
Egypt 2030 plan
Nermen
Elhattab
nermen_elhattab@hotmail.com
1
The Higher Institute of Tourism and Hotels in Alexandria
LEAD_AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
Electronic Advertising Content of Egyptian Hotels and its Role in Directing Customer’s towards their Brand
The study aimed to identify the nature of the relationship between the electronic advertising content of Egyptian hotels as an effective marketing tool and the customer’s direction towards their brand. The study found a positive and influential relationship between the distinct electronic advertising content of Egyptian hotels and customers' preference for their brand. The study recommended that hotels should increase the interest in their Internet sites and benefit from them in advertising because of the large segment of customers who use these sites (especially social networks) and to create a distinct image in the customer’s mind about the brand, as the customer depends on the quality of the brand in making his purchasing decision.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_100016_1b3146c1692e113dda219a50bb52e32d.pdf
2020-06-01
184
195
10.21608/jaauth.2020.100016
Electronic Advertising
Brand
Hotels
Ahmed
Abd El-Karim
ghanem_ahmed84@yahoo.com
1
Alsun Higher Institute for Tourism, Hotels and Computer
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The impact of work pressure on the performance and career affiliation of workers in the hospitality sector
This research aimed to study the effect of work stress on performance and loyalty of employees. A random sample of 354 employees was used. Data were collected by using a questionnaire through personal interviews, the data were statistically processed. The results showed a significant correlation between work stress and both the organization environment and work progress. Also, the results showed a statically significant correlation at 0.05 between work stress and each of performance and loyalty according to age, marital status, and years of employee work.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_100017_2c244a40d69d453be295046a413e1c44.pdf
2020-06-01
196
207
10.21608/jaauth.2020.100017
employees
Work Stress
performance
loyalty
Nevin
Abdel Halim
dr.nevensherif@yahoo.com
1
Higher Institute of Tourism and Hotelsو Alexandria (EGOTH)
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Effectiveness of Training Programs in Achieving the Quality of Training
This research aimed to study the opinions of managers and employees regarding training programs in the hospitality industry. Data were collected from a random sample of 530 managers and employees from four and five hotels in Alexandria city by using a questionnaire through personal interviews. The data were statistically processed. The results showed a positive significant correlation between age, education level, and effectiveness of training programs for employees. Also, the results found a positive significant correlation between hotel degree and quality of training programs for managers.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_100018_29bd23adc48fcab6041c35ed77760824.pdf
2020-06-01
208
220
10.21608/jaauth.2020.100018
Training
Effectiveness
Quality
Nevin
Abdel Halim
dr.nevensherif@yahoo.com
1
Higher Institute of Tourism and Hotelsو Alexandria (EGOTH)
AUTHOR
ORIGINAL_ARTICLE
The Impact of Purchasing Behavior on the Relationship between Pink Marketing Practices and Women's Loyalty to Hotels
This study aims to determine the effect of applying pink marketing practices (market research, pink marketing mix, feedback), on women’s purchasing behavior as a target market segment, and its impact on their loyalty. The research used a sample of women guests (416) in five-star hotels in Cairo and Sharm El-Sheikh. A questionnaire form was used to collect the research data. Data were analyzed using the statistical program Smart (PLS3) version (V.3.2.7). The study reached a number of results, the most important of which is the presence of a statistical significant positive effect between pink marketing with combined dimensions and purchasing behavior on women's loyalty to the hotel, The study recommends that marketers should take care of pink marketing practices in all dimensions by studying the characteristics of women and providing a marketing program that satisfies their needs and wants, and assessing the quality of the marketing mix program.
https://jaauth.journals.ekb.eg/article_103945_80ca1cc5f0d88c9ba9aa2a674dc7cdf3.pdf
2020-06-01
221
239
10.21608/jaauth.2020.34704.1039
Pink Marketing
Pink marketing mix
Purchasing Behavior
Customer’s Loyalty
Ali
Shehata
dr.ali.shehata@tourism.suez.edu.eg
1
Hotels Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University
AUTHOR
Sameh
Fayyad
sameh.fayyad@tourism.suez.edu.eg
2
Hotels Studies Department, Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Suez Canal University
LEAD_AUTHOR